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WELCOME TO "AMANPOUR & COMPANY."
HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP.
>> MORE DEATHS IN LEBANON AS ISRAEL DESTROYS A MULTI-STORY BUILDING IN BEIRUT.
CORRESPONDENT JEREMY DIAMOND REPORTS ON RISING TENSION IN THE REGION.
THEN -- >> HUMAN BEINGS IN THE NATURAL WORLD ARE ON A COLLISION COURSE.
>> A CALL ACROSS GENERATIONS TO RESTORE CLIMATE HEALTH.
I SPEAK WITH CANADA'S LEADING ENVIRONMENTALIST DAVID SUZUKI AND BODE PATEL.
>> HAVE YOU EVER DREAMT OF A BETTER VERSION OF YOURSELF?
YOUNGER?
MORE BEAUTIFUL?
MORE PERFECT?
>> THE SUBSTANCE.
A GRUESOME TAKEDOWN OF IMPOSSIBLE BEAUTY STANDARDS.
THE DIRECTOR ON HER BODY HORROR HIT.
ALSO -- >> WHAT WE CANNOT DO IS TO DO NOTHING, TO WAIT UNTIL THE HARM IS DONE.
>> A GLOBAL FRAMEWORK FOR REINING IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
WE SPEAK WITH THE U.N.'S AI ADVISORY CHIEF.
>>> AMANPOUR & COMPANY IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE ANDERSON FAMILY ENDOWMENT.
JIM ATWOOD AND LESLIE WILLIAMS.
CANDACE KING WEIR.
SYLVIA A AND SIMON POITA ENDOWMENT TO FIGHT ANTI-SEMITISM.
THE FAMILY FOUNDATION OF LAYLA AND MICKEY FLETCHER.
SETON J. MELVIN.
THE PETER G. PETERSON AND JOAN DANSK COONEY FUND.
COMMITTED TO BRIDGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN OUR COMMUNITIES.
BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG.
JEF JEFFREY KATZ AND BETH ROGERS AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.
>>> WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM, EVERYONE.
I'M PAULA NEWTON IN NEW YORK SITTING IN FOR CHRIST IANE AMA AMANPOUR.
>>> A TARGETED ATTACK ZEE STROID DESTROYED A BUILDING.
MORE THAN 10 PEOPLE DEAD, MORE THAN 60 OTHERS INJURED AND THOSE NUMBERS, THEY WARN US, ARE LIKELY TO RISE.
THE IDF CLAIMS IT STRUCK 100 HEZBOLLAH ROCKET LAUNCHERS.
THEY REPORT 17 ATTACKS ON MILITARY SITES IN NORTHERN ISRAEL.
ALL OF THIS COMES AFTER THOSE DEVASTATING PAGER AND WALKIE-TALKIE EXPLOSIONS EARLIER THIS WEEK.
WE WANT TO GET RIGHT TO IT, TO GET IT -- SOME INSIGHT INTO WHAT'S BEHIND THIS APPARENT ESCALATION AND WHERE IT COULD LEAD.
CORRESPONDENT JEREMY DIAMOND JOINS US FROM TEL AVIV.
GOOD TO HAVE YOU WEIGH IN ON THIS AS WE CONTINUE TO GET MORE BREAKING NEWS.
I SEE THE KDEATH TOLL HAS RISEN TO 12, 66 INJURED.
THIS IS QUITE A TUMULTUOUS WEEK GIVEN THE PAGER AND WALKIE-TALKIE ATTACKS.
WHAT DOES THIS REPRESENT AS FAR AS THE ISRAELI MILITARY IS CONCERNED AS THEY DID GIVE A BRIEFING IN THE LAST HOUR?
>> Reporter: WELL, IT IS VERY CLEAR THAT THE ISRAELI MILITARY AND THE GOVERNMENT ARE QUICKLY WILLING TO CLIMB UP THE LADDER OF ESCALATION.
THE PACE AND SCALE OF THE ATTACKS THAT WE HAVE WITNESSED OVER THE COURSE OF JUST THE LAST FOUR DAYS IS REMARKABLE AND IT IS CERTAINLY PUSHING ISRAEL AND HEZBOLLAH TO THE BRINK OF ALL OUT WAR.
THE ATTACK TODAY, WE SHOULD NOTE, BEYOND THE PROSPECT OF ESCALATION IS DEALING A VERY HEAVY BLOW TO HEZBOLLAH.
IF, INDEED, THE ISRAELI MILITARY'S CLAIMS OF THE OPERATIONS CHIEF OF HEZBOLLAH ALONGSIDE TEN OTHER HEZBOLLAH COMMANDERS IN THIS ONE STRIKE IN THE LEBANESE CAPITOL DOES REPRESENT A SIGNIFICANT BLOW, ONE THAT WILL CERTAINLY DESTABILIZE AND LIMIT HEZBOLLAH'S ABILITIES OF GOING FORWARD.
TO WHAT EXTENT, OF COURSE, REMAINS TO BE SEEN.
THERE'S NO QUESTION THAT EARLIER THIS WEEK THE ATTACKS THAT KILLED SEVERAL DOZEN HEZBOLLAH MEMBERS AND LIKELY WOUNDED AND MAIMED SEVERAL HUNDRED MORE, INCLUDING BLINDING SOME AND AMPUTATING SOME AS A RESULT OF THOSE WALKIE-TALKIE AND PAGER ATTACKS, THIS HAS ALL DEALT A SIGNIFICANT BLOW TO HEZBOLLAH.
WHAT IT HAS ALSO CLEARLY DONE IS IT HAS ALSO AND IS ALSO BACKING HEZBOLLAH INTO A CORNER.
THE QUESTION NOW IS HOW WILL HEZBOLLAH REACT?
WE SAW THAT HEZBOLLAH'S LEADER VOWED RETALIATION.
AT THE TIME HE DID NOT SEEM INCLINED TO GO FOR SOMETHING MUCH MORE SIGNIFICANT THAT COULD PLUNGE ISRAEL AND HEZBOLLAH INTO THAT ALL OUT WAR THAT HAS BEEN FEARED FOR SO LONG BUT WILL TODAY'S ATTACK CHANGE HIS CALCULUS?
AND WHAT WILL COME NEXT AS ISRAEL SEEMS INCREASINGLY WILLING TO ESCALATE THE SITUATION FURTHER AND TO POTENTIALLY RISK THAT ALL OUT WAR.
>> CERTAINLY A LOT AT STAKE HERE AS YOU SAID HEZBOLLAH REALLY TRIES TO DETERMINE ITS NEXT MOVE.
I DO NOTE THAT THE CARETAKER CABINET IN LEBANON SAYS THIS TARGETING OF A POPULATED RESIDENTIAL AREA AMOUNTS TO, IN ITS WORDS, GENOCIDE.
YESTERDAY THE ISRAELI MILITARY STRIKING QUITE A TONE HERE ON THIS FRIDAY.
AS I SAID, GIVEN THE TUMULTUOUS WEEK.
WHAT MORE ARE YOU LEARNING ABOUT WHERE THEY MAY TAKE THIS CONFLICT ESPECIALLY SINCE RIGHT NOW THERE SEEMS NO HOPE OF AN ACTUAL CEASE-FIRE TAKING HOLD IN GAZA.
>> Reporter: THAT'S RIGHT.
SO ONE OF THE QUESTIONS HERE IS HAS THE ISRAELI GOVERNMENT DECIDED THAT THERE IS NOT GOING TO BE A CEASE-FIRE IN GAZA WHICH, THEREFORE, MEANS THERE WILL NOT BE A DIPLOMATIC RESOLUTION TO THE CONFLICT WITH HEZBOLLAH WHICH HAS VOWED THAT IT WILL CONTINUE TO FIRE ROCKETS INTO NORTHERN ISRAEL SO LONG AS THE ISRAELI MILITARY CONTINUES ITS CAMPAIGN IN GAZA.
HAS THE SITUATION BEEN MADE THAT THE ONLY OTHER AVENUE IS TO THEREFORE TRY AND COW HEZBOLLAH INTO SUBMISSION THROUGH THE RAMPED UP CAMPAIGN OF ATTACKS OR TO ENTER OR RISK ALL OUT WAR WITH HEZBOLLAH IN ORDER TO BRING ABOUT A CONCLUSION TO THIS NEARLY YEAR-LONG CONFLICT ONCE AND FOR ALL.
AND IF, INDEED, THAT IS THE DECISION, WE ARE IN FOR SOMETHING POTENTIALLY VERY, VERY DANGEROUS IN THIS REGION.
NOT ONLY WILL ISRAEL -- THE ISRAELI MILITARY IN THE EVENT OF AN ALL OUT WAR REIN DOWN SIGNIFICANT DESTRUCTION IN LEBANON, INCLUDING IN THE LEBANESE CAPITOL OF BEIRUT, BUT HEZBOLLAH IS VERY CAPABLE OF CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE AND DEATH IN ISRAEL AS WELL.
THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT ROCKET ARSENAL AND MISSILE ARSENAL YET TO BE DEPLOYED WHICH CAN REACH TEL AVIV.
I'VE SPOKEN TO MILITARY COMMANDERS WHO KNOW WAR WITH HEZBOLLAH IS NOT THE SAME AS WAR WITH HAMAS IN TERMS OF THE DIFFICULTY, ALSO IN TERMS OF THE DAMAGE THAT ISRAEL ITSELF WILL INCUR.
>> YEAH.
AS YOU POINTED OUT MANY TIMES BEFORE, SOME 60,000 ISRAELI CITIZENS UNABLE TO BE HOME BECAUSE OF THE ESCALATION ALONG THE BORDER.
JEREMY DIAMOND, THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US.
>>> TURNING NOW TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS, WHICH IS OF COURSE ANOTHER ESCALATING THREAT.
THE EUROPEAN UNION SAYS DEVASTATING FLOODS AND DEADLY WILDFIRES IN PORTUGAL ARE PROOF OF A, QUOTE, CLIMATE BREAKDOWN.
IN LATIN AMERICA PERU DECLARED A STATE OF EMERGENCY FOR REGIONS ALSO RAVAGED BY WILDFIRES.
MEANTIME, THE U.S. GOVERNMENT REPORTS THIS AUGUST WAS INCREDIBLE.
THE HOTTEST EVER RECORDED.
THE DARK RED MEANS RECORD-BREAKING TEMPERATURES.
WHILE EXTREME WEATHER IMPACTS ALL OF US, IT'S THE MOST VULNERABLE TO FIGHT BACK WITH OLDER AND YOUNGER ACTIVISTS WINNING LANDMARK CLIMATE LAWSUITS ACROSS THE WORLD.
LET'S HEAR FROM TWO WHO WE'RE HAPPY TO NOTE SPAN THE GENERATIONS.
DAVID SUZUKI IS HERE HOSTING "THE NATURE OF THINGS," CERTAINLY SOMETHING PART OF MY CHILDHOOD CALLED TV'S LONGEST SCIENCE RUNNING SERIES AND BODE PATEL IS AG GEN Z CLIMATE ACTIVISTS.
HE'S INSPIRED BY DAVID SUZUKI'S WORK.
WELCOME BOTH OF YOU.
I'M GLAD TO SEE YOU SIDE BY SIDE THERE IN MONTREAL.
WE NEED TO GBEGIN, RIGHT, WITH THE CLIMATE NEWS THAT HAS NOT BEEN GOOD FOR SEVERAL YEARS BUT EVEN IN RECENT WEEKS.
WHEN WE CUT ACROSS ALL OF THESE DISASTERS, ON FOUR CONTINENTS, EXTREME RAINFALL, FLOODING THAT'S KILLED THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE, WE'VE SEEN MAJOR FIRES IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA AS WELL.
WHAT GOES THROUGH YOUR MINDS TO BOTH OF YOU WHEN YOU SEE THESE KINDS OF FLOODS AND FIRES NOW UNFOLDING AND SEEMINGLY ONLY GETTING WORSE?
AND, DAVID, I DO TURN TO YOU BECAUSE YOU HAVE BEEN SUCH A PIONEER AND HAVE BEEN TRYING TOW EDUCATE US ABOUT THIS FOR DECADES.
>> WELL, YOU KNOW, I WENT INTO TELEVISION IN 1962 BECAUSE I THOUGHT THIS IS A POWERFUL WAY TO INFORM PEOPLE AND EDUCATE THEM ABOUT SCIENCE AND NATURE.
I HAVE TO SAY NOW THAT WE LIVE IN A WORLD WHERE THIS KIND OF INFORMATION DOESN'T SEEM TO MATTER.
THINGS LIKE THE ECONOMY SEEM TO BE MORE IMPORTANT AND THE AVENUES OF COMMUNICATION, YOU KNOW, WITH THE INTERNET.
WE GET -- I DON'T LOOK AT IT, BUT TIKTOK APPARENTLY IS A WAY A LOT OF YOUNG PEOPLE GET INFORMATION.
CUE A QANON HAS AS MUCH PULL AS PEOPLE WHO REPORT ON THE PLANET.
WHAT KIND OF WORLD ARE WE LIVING IN WHERE PEOPLE ARE MARGINALIZED AND WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH PEOPLE SAYING CLIMATE CHANGE IS A HOAX, THIS WILL DESTROY THE ECONOMY IF WE WANT BE TO ACT ON CLIMATE CHANGE.
THIS IS A CRAZY WORLD.
>> THE REALITY IS THAT WE -- >> GO AHEAD, BODE.
>> SIX OF NINE ARE ALREADY SURPASSED.
WE KNOW THAT THE OCEAN HAS SOME OF THE POWERS TO BE THE LARGEST CARBON SINK AND TO PROTECT US.
IF WE'RE NOT WORKING ON RESTORING NATURE AND RESTORING OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH IT, WE WON'T BE ABLE TO CREATE A JUST FUTURE OR JUST WORLD.
WHEN CRISIS CAN TURN INTO OPPORTUNITY, THAT'S WHERE WE SEE THE ROLE OF INTERGENERATIONAL COLLABORATION COMING IN.
>> I SEE YOUNG PEOPLE LIKE THIS WITH THE ENERGY AND THE KNOWLEDGE AND THEY'RE REALLY -- THEY'RE READY TO TAKE ON THAT ROLE OF BEING PLANET PROTECTORS AND GUARDIANS, BUT THE VERY STRUCTURES WE'VE CREATED TO MANAGE OUR INTERACTIONS AND THE WAY WE LIVE, NAMELY LEGAL ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ARE, IN FACT, CONSTRAINING US SO THAT THEY CAN'T REALLY DO THE THINGS THAT THEY WANT TO DO.
THE WHY IS IT THE ECONOMY IS ALWAYS IN THE ARGUMENT AS A REASON WHY WE CAN'T DO WHAT WE HAVE TO DO IF WE'RE GOING TO SAVE A FUTURE?
>> BODE, I WONDER HOW MUCH THAT SENTIMENT RESONATES WITH YOUR GENERATION, RIGHT?
CERTAINLY MANY WANT TO DO AS MUCH AS THEY CAN, YET WITH DAVID SITTING NEXT TO YOU, WHAT DO YOU SAY TO HIM WHEN YOU MUST HEAR THAT FROM GEN Z, RIGHT?
THE FACT THAT THE ECONOMY IS IMPORTANT TO THEM IN TERMS OF WHAT THEIR FUTURE MIGHT HOLD?
>> THE REALITY IS GEN Z AND MILLENNIALS HAVE THE LARGEST PURCHASING POWER IN THE WORLD.
WE WANT TO CREATE A WORLD THAT WE CAN LIVE IN AND IT'S DEPENDENT ON THE NATURAL FOUNDATIONS THAT DAVID AND YOUNG PEOPLE AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE HAVE BEEN WORKING TO PROTECT.
IF WE'RE NOT PROTECTING THESE, THE SYSTEMS THAT HEAL US, THEN OUR ECONOMIES HAVE NO CHANCE OF SURVIVING OR THRIVING.
IF WE WANT TO CREATE A JUST ECONOMY, A BLUE AND GREEN ECONOMY, WE HAVE TO PROTECT NATURE.
THERE'S NOTHING ELSE TO IT.
THE ECONOMY IS DEPENDENT OF THE HEALTH OF OUR ECOSYSTEMS.
WE NEED TO SUPPORT THE NEXT GENERATION REACHING SPACES WHERE WE CAN WORK IN NATURE, WE CAN WORK IN THE JUST TRANSITION, AWAY FROM FOSSIL FUELS AND AWAY FROM CLEAN ENERGY.
I STAND IN SOLIDARITY.
IF WE WANT A THRIVING ECONOMY, WE HAVE TO PLACE NATURE BASED SOLUTIONS AT THE CENTER OF THAT.
THAT'S WHAT WILL SUSTAIN US.
THAT'S WHAT WILL CREATE A NEW WAY OF GOING FORWARD.
>> THE PROBLEM IS, WE'RE TRAPPED WITHIN THAT ECONOMIC SYSTEM.
WE DON'T WANT TO PROTECT THE ECONOMY AS IT NOW OPERATES.
AN ECONOMIST FROM BRITAIN SHOWED US IF YOU LOOK AT ALL OF THE SERVICES THAT NATURE PERFORMS TO KEEP THE PLANET HABITABLE FOR US, BEGINNING WITH ALL OF THE PLANTS CREATE THE OXYGEN RICH ATMOSPHERE, TAKE CARBON OUT, THERE ARE ALL OF THESE SERVICES, POLLEN NATION OF SERVICING FLOWERS, NONE OF THAT IS IN THE ECONOMY.
AS MARK CARNEY POINTS OUT IN "VALUES," HIS BOOK.
HE SAYS AMAZON IS VALUED OVER $100 BILLION BUT AMAZON, THE GREATEST ECOSYSTEM ON THE PLANET, HAS NO ECONOMIC WORTH UNTIL IT IS LOGGED, MINED, DAMMED, OR IT GROWS SOY BEANS, CATTLE OR CITIES.
IF THAT ISN'T A SCREWED UP, CRAZY ECONOMY.
SO WHEN WE TALK ABOUT A JUST ECONOMY, WE WANT A JUST VERY DIFFERENT KIND.
>> DAVID, THOUGH, BUT I'M OF -- I'M AT AN AGE THAT I HAVE HEARD THIS FROM YOU FOR LITERALLY DECADES YET I DO SENSE A CERTAIN FRUSTRATION WITHIN YOUR VOICE THAT SOMEHOW THIS KIND OF THINKING STILL HAS NOT TAKEN HOLD.
I WANT TO SHOW OUR VIEWERS AS WELL WHAT WENT ON IN YOUR HOME COUNTRY OF CANADA LAST YEAR.
MANY OF US WENT UP TO SEE THE DESTRUCTION OURSELVES AS THOSE FOREST FIRES ABSOLUTELY BURNED THROUGH BOREAL FORESTS IN CANADA.
I MEAN, THE STATS ARE SIGNIFICANT, THAT A NEW STUDY SAYS FOUR TIMES MORE CARBON WAS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE JUST FROM THE WILDFIRES IN 2023 THAN WERE EMITTED IN CANADA'S FOSSIL FUEL INDUSTRY FOR THE ENTIRE YEAR.
DAVID, I HAVE TO ASK YOU, WHAT NOW?
WHERE DO YOU GO FROM HERE WHEN IT SEEMS THAT NOT MUCH THAT HAS BEEN DONE IN THE LAST FEW DECADES HAS WORKED OR AT LEAST NOT WORKED QUICKLY ENOUGH?
>> I THINK YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE EVERYTHING AT STAKE, AND AS YOU CAN HEAR FROM BODE, THEY'RE INFORMED.
THEY'RE COMMITTED.
AND THEY'RE READY TO ACT AND MAKE THAT DIFFERENCE, BUT THEY DON'T HAVE THE MUSCLE POWER WITHIN OUR ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS.
A LOT OF YOU GUYS DON'T VOTE, AND THAT SEEMS TO MATTER MORE.
I REALLY THINK THE POINT NOW IS ELDERS HAVE TO BE THE ONES TO STEP OUT.
YOU KNOW WE HAD RETIRED ADMIRALS AND GENERALS AGAINST NUCLEAR WAR.
VERY POWERFUL GROUP WHO CAME THROUGH THE SYSTEM.
ONCE THEY WERE RETIRED THEY COULD TALK ABOUT NUCLEAR WEAPONS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF IT'S A CRAZY WAY TO PROTECT YOURSELF.
I'M CALLING ON RETIRED E EXECUTIVES OF FOREST COMPANIES, FOSSIL FUEL COMPANIES, FISHERIES, NOW YOU'VE MADE YOUR MONEY.
YOU'RE NO LONGER BEHOLDEN TO THE ORGANIZATIONS.
COME OUT AND SPEAK THE TRUTH, AND I THINK ELD ZWRERS LIKE ME, WE'VE LIVED AN ENTIRE LIFE.
THE WORLD THAT WE'RE LEAVING TO THEM IS A MESSED UP WORLD.
WE'VE GOT TO BE READY NOW TO PUT OUR BODIES ON THE LINE.
I AM CALLING FOR ELDERS TO COME UP, PUT OUR BODIES ON THE LINE.
GET ARRESTED.
WE'VE GOT TO BEGIN TO START TO USE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE AS A WAY OF MAKING THEIR PRIORITIES OUR HIGHEST PRIORITIES.
>> BUT, BODE, HOW DO YOU MAKE THAT HAPPEN WITHIN YOUR GENERATION?
DO YOU THINK THINGS LIKE LITIGATION STEPS IN THERE HAS BEEN LANDMARK LITIGATION OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS.
WHAT DO YOU THINK WILL HELP BEYOND THE SIGNIFICANT WORK YOU ARE DOING EVEN IN THE OCEAN.
>> HERE AT THE ONE YOUNG WORLD SUMMIT WHERE THOUSANDS OF YOUNG PEOPLE ARE GATHERED TO SOLVE THE WORLD'S MOST PRESSING PROBLEMS.
ON TOP OF OUR AGENDA IS CLIMATE SOLUTIONS.
WE'RE LEARNING THAT THERE ARE ALL SORTS OF INNOVATIVE, NEW SOLUTIONS THAT USE BOTH ANCIENT INTELLIGENCE, THE KNOWLEDGE WE'VE LEARNED FROM PAST GENERATIONS AND THE NEW MODERN SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES THAT CAN INNOVATE AND PROTECT OUR PLANET IN THE BEST WAYS POSSIBLE.
WE KNOW THE OCEAN HAS SOME OF THOSE SOLUTIONS.
CLIMATE SOLUTION, THE RIGHTS OF THE OCEAN, THE RIGHTS OF WHALES, THERE'S NEW MOVEMENTS, NEW MOMENTUM BEING BUILT.
THIS IS AN ENTIRE NEW WORKFORCE BEING BUILT FOR THE BLUE ECONOMY.
THIS IS ONE OF THE FASTEST GROWING ECONOMIES.
IF WE ARE GOING TO PROTECT OUR PLANET AND OCEAN, WE NEED TO MAKE SURE WE'RE SHARING GENERATIONAL KNOWLEDGE WITH THE NEXT GENERATION, WITH GEN Z, GRANDCHILDREN, FUTURE ANCESTORS, BECAUSE THE ONLY WAY WE GET TO A FAIR WORLD IS WHEN KIDS GROW UP PLAYING IN THE TIDE POOLS, WHEN KIDS GROW UP IN NATURE LEARNING FROM THE RIVERS SO THEY FEEL THAT SAME SENSE OF LOVE REGARDLESS IF YOU'RE EXXONMOBILE AND YOU'RE A SUPER VILLAIN WITH THE LARGEST PROFIT SHARE OR IF YOU'RE A SIMPLE KID LIVING ON A RIVER AND STREAM IN THE AMAZON, YOU SHARE THE SAME AIR PRODUCED BY THE OCEAN, YOU SHARE THE SAME OXYGEN, YOU SHARE THE SAME WATER SYSTEMS AND WE NEED TO STAND UP FOR WHAT'S RIGHT.
>> YOUR ENTHUSIASM COMES THROUGH LOUD AND CLEAR IN THE MOST INTELLIGENT OF WAYS, BUT ALSO WHAT YOU DO HEAR FROM YOUR GENERATION IS SOME RESIGNATION, SOME ANXIETY, SOME CYNICISM EVEN THAT THEY CAN DO ANYTHING TO REALLY CHANGE THE PATH OF THE CLIMATE CRISIS RIGHT NOW.
>> DESPAIR IS I THINK A LUXURY WE CAN'T AFFORD NOW.
I MEAN, WHETHER OR NOT WE'LL SURVIVE IS NOT THE ISSUE.
IT'S WHAT CAN WE DO TO AT LEAST TRY.
WE'RE NOT LISTENING TO THE MESSAGE GRETA SAID.
GRETA SAID, I LEARNED TO TAKE SCIENCE SERIOUSLY.
WHY DON'T WE ELEVATE THE SCIENCE WE HAVE TO TELL US WHAT THE STATE OF THE PLANET IS AND TO SET OUR PRIORITIES?
I WANT TO POINT OUT ONE THING.
I WAS IN MY LAST YEAR OF COLLEGE AT AMHERST COLLEGE IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1957.
OCTOBER 4th WE WERE SHOCKED TO HEAR THAT THE SOVIET UNION HAD LAUNCHED SPUTNIK.
ANYONE OLD ENOUGH TO REMEMBER IN THE MONTHS THAT FOLLOWED THE UNITED STATES LAUNCHED THEIR SATELLITES AND EVERYONE BLEW UP.
THE RUSSIANS LAUNCHED A NEW DOG.
THE FIRST COSMONAUTS.
AMERICANS JUST WENT, OH, MY GOD.
THEY DIDN'T SAY, OH, GOD, THEY'RE TOO FAR AHEAD, WE CAN'T DO THIS.
THEY'VE BEATEN US.
THEY JUST SAID, WE'VE GOT TO CATCH UP TO THESE GUYS.
THEY POURED MONEY.
THEY SET UP NASA.
HERE I AM A CANADIAN STUDYING IN THE STATES.
IF I SAID, I LIKE SCIENCE, YOU THREW MONEY AT US.
I MEAN, IT WAS A GLORIOUS TIME.
AND LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENED.
IN 1962 JOHN F. KENNEDY SAID, WE CHOOSE TO GO TO THE MOON.
WE'RE GOING TO GET ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON AND BACK IN TEN YEARS.
WHEN HE SAID THAT, WE DIDN'T HAVE A CLUE HOW THE HELL TO DO IT, BUT THEY MADE THE COMMITMENT.
AND LOOK WHAT HAPPENED AS A RESULT.
NOT ONLY ARE AMERICANS THE ONLY ONES TO GET TO THE MOON AND BACK IN LESS THAN TEN YEARS, BUT LOOK AT ALL THE UNEXPECTED SPINOFFS, YOU KNOW, FROM LAPTOP COMPUTERS TO GPS TO 24-HOUR SATELLITE TELEVISION PROGRAMS, SPACE BLANKETS.
LOOK AT THE BENEFITS.
>> DACHD SUZUKI, WE -- >> MAKE A COMMITMENT.
>> WE HAVE TO LEAVE THE CONVERSATION THERE.
YOUR ENTHUSIASM DOES NOT SURPRISE AND, BODE, REALLY, A DELIGHT TO SPEAK TO BOTH OF YOU ACROSS THE GENERATIONS FIGHTING FOR THE PLANET.
THANK YOU BOTH.
>> THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU.
>>> AND NOW WE TURN TO BEAUTY STANDARDS PLACED ON WOMEN IN SOCIETY THAT ARE EXCEEDINGLY HIGH.
JUST HOW FAR WOULD YOU GO IN TRYING TO ATTAIN THEM?
THAT'S THE FOCUS OF THE NEW FILM "THE SUBSTANCE" STARRING DEMI MOORE WHO PLAYS AN ACTRESS CLINGING ONTO THE REMNANTS OF FAME AND RELEVANCE.
HER CHARACTER, ELIZABETH, TURNS TO A BLACK MARKET TREATMENT KNOWN AS THE SUBSTANCE BRINGING TO LIFE HER YOUNGER ALTER EGO.
>> YOUNGER.
>> SO PASTY AND GROTESQUE, THE PRODUCER SPOKE ABOUT THE PRESSURES ON WOMEN AND THE VIOLENCE THEY INFLECT ON THEMSELVES.
>> WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM.
>> THANK YOU.
>> LISTEN, THIS IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE MOST ANTICIPATED FILMS RECENT TIME, AND AFTER A 13-MINUTE STANDING OVATION IN CANNES, YOU'VE NOW SCREENED IT IN L.A. WHAT WAS THE REACTION?
WERE YOU SUR PRIETSED BY THE L.A.
REACTION?
>> I MEAN, I WAS LIKE SUPER POSITIVELY SURPRISED.
BECAUSE LIKE THE CROWDS, DIFFERENT CROWDS WE HAD FOR THE DIFFERENT SCREENINGS HERE WAS JUST AMAZING.
LIKE THE AUDIENCE REALLY WENT FOR IT.
LIKE THEY WERE NOT SHY AT ALL TO REACT, AND THAT WAS LIKE SUPER ENTHUSIASTIC FOR ME TO WITNESS.
>> WHAT IS IT THAT INSPIRED YOU TO MAKE THIS FILM?
YOU KNOW, THAT IT IS BODY HORROR.
IT'S A GENRE.
YOU CALL IT A FEMINIST FILM.
>> BASICALLY MY VERY OWN LIFE, YOU KNOW, LIKE ABOUT HOW AS A WOMAN WHEN I HAD PASSED MY 40s I STARTED TO HAVE THOSE CRAZY VIOLENT EPISODES THAT MY LIFE WAS GOING TO BE OVER, THAT NO ONE WOULD BE INTERESTED IN ME ANYMORE, THAT I WOULDN'T HAVE ANY VALUE AND I REALLY REALIZED HOW VIOLENT AND POWERFUL THOSE THOUGHTS WERE.
I SAID, OKAY, I DECIDED I REALLY WANT TO DO SOMETHING WITH THAT.
>> YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE SAID THAT INSTEAD OF DOING THIS IN A SORT OF REALITY WAY OR REALISM, YOU DECIDED TO GO THE GENRE ROUTE.
WHY?
>> SO I REALLY WANTED THE STORY TO BE ABLE TO SYMBOLIZE WHAT EVERY WOMAN CAN LIVE AND NOT BE RESTRICTED TO SPECIFIC MOMENTS IN TIME AND PLACE.
SO THAT'S WHY THE GENRE FOR ME FELT, YOU KNOW, THE PERFECT WAY TO BUILD THAT.
>> YEAH, BUT, I MEAN, SOME PEOPLE COULD BE QUITE WORRIED ABOUT WATCHING IT.
LOOK, I KNOW WHEN I WENT TO WATCH IT, I HEARD SO MUCH ABOUT IT THAT FOR A WHILE I HAD MY HAND IN FRONT OF MY FACE SQUINTING THROUGH MY FINGERS.
IT'S VERY BLOODY.
IT'S VERY, YOU KNOW, MONSTROUS.
IT'S VERY VISCERAL.
SQUELCHING, BODY PARTS, INJECTIONS INTO THE VEINS.
IT'S OBVIOUSLY FILMED BEAUTIFULLY, COLORFUL AND DRAMATIC TO WATCH.
WHY DID YOU CHOOSE THAT KIND OF GENRE?
>> SO IN FACT I REALLY WANTED LIKE THE MOVIE TO EXPRESS THE VIOLENCE I FEEL ABOUT THE SCENES.
I THINK LIKE THE WAY SOCIETY TREATS WOMEN REGARDING THIS IS EXTREMELY VIOLENT AND I WANTED IT TO CREATE ON THE SCREEN THE SAME WAY I FEEL IT INSIDE.
THAT'S WHY I WANTED TO PUSH THE LIMIT AND NOT TO BE SHY TO SAY THIS IS THE REALITY.
THIS IS HOW, YOU KNOW, WE ARE LED TO INTERNALIZE SO MUCH VIOLENCE.
THIS IS HOW GROSS IT IS.
THIS IS HOW EXTREME IT IS BECAUSE TO ME I REALLY WANTED THIS TO BE DISCUSSED IN IT THE PUBLIC SPACE, TO HAVE A CHANCE FOR THIS.
I WANTED TO PICK IT OUT IN A WAY THAT WOULD BE STRIKING TO ME AT A CERTAIN LEVEL THAT I REALLY LIVE IT EVERY DAY.
>> I'M GOING TO GET TO YOU YOURSELF IN A MOMENT, BUT FIRST LET'S RECAP THE STORY OF COURSE.
AN AGING ACTRESS.
IF YOU CAN CALL 50 AGING.
I GUESS THEY DO.
DEMI MOORE PLAYS AN ACTRESS AND ALL OF A SUDDEN, HER BOSS, THE BOSS OF THE TELEVISION STATION PLAYED INCREDIBLY REPULLS CIVILLY BY DENNIS QUADE AN ANNOUNCES TO HER THAT THE GIG IS UP.
LET'S PLAY THIS CLIP.
>> PEOPLE ALWAYS ASK FOR SOMETHING NEW.
IT'S INEVITABLE.
AT 50, WELL, IT STOPS.
>> I MEAN, YES, THAT IS VERY, VERY DRAMATIC AND HORRIBLE FOR ANY WOMAN TO HEAR.
JUST MINUTES BEFORE IN THE FILM WE HEAR HIM, HIS CHARACTER, WHO YOU'VE NAMED I DON'T THINK AS COINCIDENTALLY, HARVEY.
WE NEED HER YOUNG.
WE NEED HER HOT.
WE NEED HER NOW.
SO THAT LEADS INTO THIS SUBSTANCE AND THAT'S PLAYED BY MARGARET.
WHY DID YOU CHOOSE DEMI MOORE AND MARGARET?
>> I KNEW THAT TO REALLY TELL THE STORY I NEEDED VERY STRONG PERFORMANCES BECAUSE IT WAS GOING TO BE AT THE SAME TIME VERY EMOTIONAL AND VERY PHYSICAL AND I WANTED TO, YOU KNOW, WORK WITH AN ACTRESS THAT WOULD BE AN ICON IN HERSELF AND DEMI MOORE, YOU KNOW, SHE KIND OF ALREADY REPRESENTS THE MANY IDEAS OF THE FILM.
AND ALSO SEEING HER IN SUCH A MOVIE WHICH IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN WHAT SHE HAS BEEN DOING IN THE PAST IS VERY STRIKING AND INTERESTING AS WELL.
SOMEONE WHO WAS WILLING TO TAKE RISKS.
TO KIND OF ALSO MAKE A STATEMENT, I THINK, TO THE WORLD WITH THIS STORY.
AND PAIRING HER WITH ANOTHER ACTRESS WHO HAS THE KIND OF SAME ROLE VISCERAL AND VERY INSTINCTIVE ENERGY WAS THE BEST TO BUILD THE TWO SIDES OF THIS CHARACTER.
>> AND THEN, OF COURSE, IN THE FILM THERE BECOMES AN EXISTENTIAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE TWO OF THEM BECAUSE THE STORY GOES THAT THE TWO CANNOT EXIST AT THE SAME TIME.
WHEN ELIZABETH, THE OLDER ONE IS OUT AND ABOUT, THE OTHER ONE HAS TO BE ON ICE AND THEN VICE VERSA.
THEN THE YOUNGER ONE, ELIZABETH'S YOUNGER SELF, DOES NOT WANT TO GO BACK TO BEING IN HIEB BUDWE HIBERNATION.
WHAT DOES THAT REPRESENT?
>> THAT REPRESENTS FOR REAL, I THINK, ALL THE VOICES THAT WE HAVE IN OURSELVES THAT CAN BE SUPER VIOLENT AND KIND OF WHISPERING ALL THE FINATIME THA YOU'RE NOT GOOD ENOUGH, YOU'RE NOT BEAUTIFUL ENOUGH, YOU'RE NOT SEXY ENOUGH, BECAUSE THAT'S WHAT WE HEAR ALL DAY, SEE ALL DAY, HEAR ALL DAY ALL AROUND IN SOCIETY.
THE YOUNGER VERSION OF ELIZABETH KIND OF REPRODUCED THE SAME PATTERN LIKE SHE THINKS SHE'S GOING TO BE VALUED BECAUSE SHE'S YOUNG, SEXY, HYPER SEXY.
SHE IMMEDIATELY LIVE IN THE FEAR OF LOOKING THAT AND BEING ERASED.
THAT IS REALLY THE WAY TO EXPRESS THAT I THINK STRONG INJECTIONS THAT ARE AROUND US KIND OF LEAD US TO NOT TAKE OUR PLACE IN THE WORLD FOR REAL BUT KIND OF LIMITS OUR SELF TO THIS FEAR OF BEING JUDGED, THIS FEAR OF BEING NOT GOOD ENOUGH.
IT'S SO HARD TO ESCAPE THIS.
I THINK ON AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL IT'S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE.
>> SO, LOOK, THERE IS A LOT OF VIOLENCE THAT'S DONE BY THE INDIVIDUAL TO HERSELF AND BY SOCIETY TO THE INDIVIDUAL AND IT'S VERY GROSS IN A LOT OF PLACES.
IT'S ALSO THOUGH, YOUR CAMERA CARESSES THE BODIES, WHETHER IT'S ELIZABETH WHO'S OLDER, AND DEMI MOORE WILL BE CALLED BOLD AND COURAGEOUS FOR HER 67-YEAR-OLD BODY TO BE EXAMINED NEXT TO MARGARET'S YOUNGER, TAUGHTER BODY.
WHAT'S TO BE SAID ABOUT YOU PANNING THESE BODIES IN CLOSE UP.
YOU ARE LOOKING WITH A GAZE, NOT THE MALE GAZE, BUT SOCIETY'S GAZE AT THESE FIGURES.
>> SO THAT WAS TRULY THE INTENTION OF THE FILM FOR ME, LIKE, YOU KNOW, I'M A FEMINIST AND I HAVE MY OWN WAY OF KAINE OF SAYING MY WAY INTO THE WORLD AND MY WAY OF DOING IT WAS TO REPRESENT WHAT THE REALITY AROUND ME MAKES ME FEEL LIKE.
AND BASICALLY I THINK THERE ARE TWO WORLDS, THE WORLD OF ELIZABETH WHERE THE BODY IS FACING HER WITH HERSELF IN HER BATHROOM WHERE NO ONE LOOKS AT HER AND IT'S WHERE I THINK SHE HAS THE MORE JUDGMENTAL LOOK ON HER BODY AND I THINK THAT'S A REALITY FOR MANY WOMEN WHO WHEN THEY LOOK AT THEMSELVES ARE LED TO NOT LOVE THEMSELVES BECAUSE THERE ARE, YOU KNOW, SO MANY THINGS AROUND THAT MAKE US BELIEVE OUR BODY'S NOT PERFECT.
WE DON'T DESERVE, YOU KNOW, TO FEEL GOOD WITH OUR SELF.
ON THE OTHER END BE, IT'S LIKE A CHARACTER WHO IS TOTALLY REPRESENTING THE MALE GAZE.
THE ONE THAT WE ALSO INTERNTERNE FROM A VERY YOUNG AGE.
IT MAKES US BELIEVE AND THINK IF WE ARE NOT, YOU KNOW, HYPER SEXY, WE'RE NOT GOING TO BE THE CENTER OF ATTENTION.
YOU KNOW, I GREW UP AS A YOUNG WOMAN THINKING THAT A LOT IN MY OWN LIFE.
FOR ME, IT WAS SUPER IMPORTANT TO KIND OF SHOW THAT.
>> HAVE YOU YOURSELF RECOVERED FROM THAT AFFLICTION?
>> WELL, I MEAN, THE FILM HAS CERTAINLY BEEN VERY LIBERATING FOR THAT, BUT AS I'M ALSO SAYING, I THINK WHEN YOU GROW UP WITH THIS YOUR WHOLE LIFE, IT IS SOMETHING THAT IS EXTREMELY TOUGH TO, YOU KNOW, TOTALLY ERASE FROM YOUR BRAIN.
TO SOUND LIKE I UNDERSTAND WHY YOU DON'T FEEL GOOD ABOUT YOURSELF.
I HOPE IT'S GOING TO CHANGE, BUT I THINK IT'S A LOT OF A JOURNEY THAT CANNOT BE DONE JUST ON AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL.
AND FOR ME I HAVE A LOT OF RELAPSES.
SOMETIMES I FEEL BETTER BUT SOMETIMES I STILL HAVE TO, YOU KNOW, NAVIGATE WITH ALL OF THIS LITTLE VOICE INSIDE OF MY HEAD.
THAT'S SOMETHING IMPORTANT I WANT TO COMMUNICATE.
>> WELL, GIVEN WHAT YOU JUST SAID, I HEARD DEMI WAS QUOTED AS SAYING, EITHER THIS FILM WILL BE A DISASTER OR IT WILL HAVE A MAJOR CULTURAL IMPACT.
I'M SAYING THAT BECAUSE AS YOU KNOW THERE'S SO MUCH ON SOCIAL MEDIA, SO MUCH IN THE ANTI-AGING, YOU KNOW, SPACE.
EVEN YOUNG CHILDREN ARE ASKING FOR, I DON'T KNOW, BUTT LIFTS AND BOTOX AND A WHOLE LOT.
WE'RE TALKING, YOU KNOW, SUBPEW BESS SENT IN SOME CASES.
HOW DO YOU THINK YOUR FILM CAN HAVE A CULTURAL IMPACT?
AND DO YOU HAVE A TARGET AUDIENCE?
>> OBVIOUSLY I HAVE GROWN UP WITH THE BEGINNING OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND I THINK IT HAS A HUGE IMPACT, OF COURSE, ON THE YOUNGER GENERATIONS THE SAME WAY THAT, YOU KNOW, ALL THE MAGAZINES HAD A HUGE IMPACT ON ME WHEN I GREW UP AS A TEENAGER.
SO HOPEFULLY I REALLY HOPE THE YOUNGER GENERATION, YOU KNOW, WILL RESPOND TO THE FILM AND IT WILL HELP WITH BUILDING WITH THE PRESSURE THAT SOCIAL MEDIA BRINGS.
WE ARE ALWAYS EXPOSED TO SOMETHING THAT KIND OF GIVE US THAT WRONG MESSAGE THAT WE HAVE TO TRANSFORM OURSELVES TO CONFORM TO SOME IDEAL BEAUTY CRAZY STANDARDS.
SO EVEN IF I THINK THE MOVIE CAN REALLY BE HEARD BY A SUPER WIDE AUDIENCE.
WE'RE ALL BEING CONFRONTED TO THIS ISSUE.
I REALLY WISH THAT THE YOUNGER GENERATION IN PARTICULAR WILL BE SENSITIVE TO ITS MESSAGE.
>> CORALIE, ONE OF THE MOST COMPASSIONATE AND MOVING PARTS OF THE FILM FOR ME ANYWAY WAS THE WAY YOU ADDRESSED THE ISSUE OF LONELINESS.
AGAIN, THE OLDER WOMAN LONELY.
SHE'S BEEN ASKED ON A DATE.
DEMI MOORE IN HER ELIZABETH REALITY, AND SHE'S MADE HERSELF UP, SHE'S DRESSED UP, SHE LOOKS GREAT AND HERE'S THE CLIP BEFORE SHE GOES OUT.
SO SHE'S VIOLENTLY SCRUBBING HER FACE AND REALLY HARSH AGAINST HERSELF.
AND NOT ONLY DOES SHE DO THAT TO HERSELF, BUT SHE MISSES THIS WHAT APPEARS TO BE A GENUINE OPPORTUNITY AT A REAL LIFE CONNECTION.
WHAT WAS GOING THROUGH YOUR MIND IN THAT SCENE?
>> YEAH.
I THINK TO ME THAT'S ONE OF THE MOST EMOTIONALLY POWERFUL SCENES OF THE MOVIE THAT'S REALLY RELATED TO THE SELF-HATRED WE ARE LED TO DEVELOP.
THAT KIND OF CUT OFF FROM THE REAL WORLD AND LIVING OUR REAL LIVES.
I THINK WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THAT SCENE IS ELIZABETH IS NOT GOING TO GO OUT ANYMORE FROM HER APARTMENT.
SHE KIND OF DECIDES THAT SHE DOESN'T DESERVE TO BE SEEN IN THE OUTSIDE WORLD, AND I THINK THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DEVELOP ALL THOSE IDEAS AROUND LIKE BEAUTY STANDARDS.
WE'RE BUILDING A JAIL AROUND US THAT KIND OF LOCK US IN AND REALLY PREVENT US FROM TAKING OUR PLACE INTO THE WORLD.
AND, AGAIN, I WANTED TO SHOW THE VIOLENCE AND THE REALITY OF IT TO HOPEFULLY HELP WOMEN, YOU KNOW, BREAK THIS JAIL BECAUSE I THINK WE NEED TO GO OUT.
WE NEED TO STEP OUT OF IT AND TRY AND TAKE OUR WAY IN THE WORLD IN AN EQUAL WAY FROM ANYONE ELSE.
>> THE FILM IS GOING TO GO INTO THE WORLD ON THE 20th OF SEPTEMBER, AND IT'LL PROBABLY KNOCK A LOT OF PEOPLE'S SOCKS OFF.
THANK YOU SO MUCH, INDEED.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>>> SO NOW TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WHICH, AS YOU KNOW, IS THE NEXT FRONTIER OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION.
AS IT CONTINUES TO EVOLVE AT BREAKNECK SPEED, HOW CAN WE MAKE SURE IT IS SAFE, ETHICAL AND ACCESSIBLE FOR ALL TO USE?
TO ANSWER THIS, WE SPOKE WITH THE CO-CHAIR OF THE U.N.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY.
>> THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.
YOU ARE CO-CHAIR OF THIS U.N. AI ADVISORY BOARD.
YOU'VE PUBLISHED THIS FINAL REPORT.
WHAT'S THE TOP LINE?
WHAT ARE THE FINDINGS THAT YOU ARE MOST INTERESTED IN MAKING SURE PEOPLE ARE AWARE OF?
>> FIRST OF ALL, WE ARE AWARE OF THE POSSIBILITIES ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS GOING TO BRING FOR HUMANITY, EFFICIENCY, STRETCH PUBLIC HEALTH AND CONDUCT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.
WE ARE ALL AWARE THESE ARE GREAT BUT AT THE SAME TIME THERE ARE A LOT OF RISKS.
IN THE SHORT TERM FUNDAMENTAL VALUES AND LONG TERM IN TERMS OF SAFETY.
WHAT WE NEED TO ENSURE IS ALL THESE OPPORTUNITIES ARE ABSOLUTELY DEVELOPED AND IF WE LEAVE ALL OF THIS TECHNOLOGY, WE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO CAPTURE ALL OF THE OPPORTUNITIES, BUT WE WILL HAVE SOME OF THE PRODUCT WE HAVE TODAY TALKING ABOUT LACK OF INCLUSIVENESS.
>> WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT LACK OF IRN INCLUSIVENESS, THE REPORT POINTS OUT IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT WAYS THE GIANT GAPS THERE ARE IN HOW UNEQUAL THE DISTRIBUTION OF WHERE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS TODAY.
SEVEN COUNTRIES ARE PARTY TO ALL THE DIFFERENT KIND OF AI GOVERNANCE EFFORTS THAT ARE HAPPENING AROUND THE PLANET AND 118 COUNTRIES ARE PART OF NONE OF THEM.
SO IS THERE A RISK HERE THAT THE REST OF THE WORLD, MEANING THE MAJORITY OF THE WORLD, GETS LEFT BEHIND?
>> YES, IT IS.
I MEAN, IN FACT, THERE IS A GREAT RISK TO INCREASE THE CURRENT DIGITAL DIVIDE WITH A NEW AI DIVIDE.
WE MUST ENSURE THAT THE BENEFITS AND BE RISKS OF ANY GENERATION IS SHARED.
THE REALITY IS THERE ARE A LOT OF IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS IN TERMS OF ETHICS GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS IN SOME PARTS OF THE WORLD.
WE CANNOT LEAVE ALL OF THE COUNTRIES WITHOUT BEING PART, NOT EVEN IN THE DEVELOPMENT BUT ALSO IN THE DISCUSSION.
WE WANT EQUALITY IN DEVELOPMENTS.
WE NEED TO ENSURE EQUALITY IN THE ACCESS.
TO ENSURE EQUALITY IN THE ACCESS, WE NEED THEM TO PARTICIPATE IN THE INSTRUMENTS TO MAKE SURE AI IS GOVERNED AT A LEVEL.
ALSO WITH THE LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES WITH A RIGHT TO DEVELOP THE SOLUTIONS.
ENTITIES THAT ARE RELATED TO DATA, COMPUTING CAPABILITIES AND TALENT.
THAT IS ONE OF THE PROPOSALS WE HAVE IS ON A CAPACITY OF THE LEG WORK AND BUILDING AND IT'S FUNDED GLOBALLY.
>> SOME OF THIS COMES DOWN TO COMPUTING POWER AND WHERE THAT COMPUTING POWER IS LOCATED.
RIGHT NOW WHAT YOU POINT OUT IS THERE IS ALMOST NO COMPUTING CLUSTER, ALL THE 100 BIGGEST COMPUTES CLUSTERS, ALMOST ALL ARE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
TO ENABLE A SMALLER TALENT TO TRY TO BUILD APPLICATIONS ON AI, ET CETERA, JUST DOESN'T EXIST THERE, HOW DO WE EVEN BEGIN THAT?
>> EXACTLY.
THAT'S THE RIGHT QUESTION.
HAVE ACCESS TO THE COMPUTING CAPABILITIES AND IN BUILDING NETWORKS, WE PROPOSE A GLOBAL FUND THAT CAN BE FUNDED BY PRIVATE AND BE PUBLIC ENTITIES AND MONEY IN KIND.
WE NEED TO PROVIDE THE CAPACITIES TO BUILD THEIR OWN ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEMS THAT THEY NEED.
MOST OF THE LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL SYSTEMS THAT ARE BEING DEVELOPED, THEY ARE ONLY DEVELOPED BY DATA.
THEREFORE, WE CANNOT PRETEND THIS IS UNIVERSAL.
>> THERE WAS AN INVESTMENT BETWEEN BLACKROCK AND MICROSOFT AND THEY HAVE NVIDIA AS A PARTNER.
MOST OF THAT IS AMERICA CENTRIC.
I WONDER HOW DOES -- HOW DO THE SUGGESTIONS YOU'RE MAKING HERE, DO YOU PICK UP THE PHONE AND CALL SATYA NADELLA AND SAY, HOW ABOUT THOSE DATA CENTERS IN OTHER COUNTRIES?
>> WE'RE TALKING ABOUT POLITICS.
WHAT IS THE PLACE WHERE ALL OF THESE CONVERSATIONS HAPPEN?
THE POINT IS WE DON'T HAVE A PLATFORM FOR COLLABORATION, FOR EXAMPLE, ON SAFETY.
SAFETY IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR AI.
DESIGN THE SAFEGUARDS AND GUARDRAILS THAT WE CAN TRUST THE TECHNOLOGY.
THE WE ARE ALL INTERESTED IN GET ALL THE DEVELOPMENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES AND THEREFORE WE CAN ADOPT IT WITH TRUST.
TRUST FOR THE CONSUMERS AND TRUST FOR THE CITIZENS.
WHAT WE ARE NOT SEEING HERE IS GETTING ALL THE ANSWERS TO THE PROBLEMS.
WHAT WE ARE PROPOSING HERE IS WHAT ARE THE INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE NOT YET IN PLACE THAT ARE NECESSARY BECAUSE THEY'RE COVERING IT.
THE OTHER IMPORTANT THING FOR ME, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATIONS IS THE SCIENTIFIC ONE.
WE NEED TRANSPARENCY ON THE RISKS AND ON THE OPPORTUNITIES.
AND WITHOUT DATA AND SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, NOT EVEN POLICY MAKERS CAN BE IN SENSITIVE ROLES TO GUIDE AI PROPERLY.
>> HOW DO YOU CREATE THAT INCENTIVE FOR TRANSPARENCY?
RIGHT NOW WHEN IT COMES TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, THERE IS A LOT OF CONCERN THAT LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS HAVE BEEN TRAINED ON COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL.
IF YOU HAVE THIS RESPONSIBILITY, WHOSE LAW DO YOU AGREE ON?
WHOSE INTELLECTUAL LAW ARE YOU GOING TO GO BY?
WHAT IS FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN ONE COUNTRY VERSUS ANOTHER?
HOW DO YOU GET THROUGH THOSE KIND OF THORNY ISSUES?
>> I THINK THERE'S A DIFFERENCE THAT MAKES.
ONE IS ETHICS, ONE IS REVELATIONS AND WHEN WE TALK ABOUT ETHICS, HOW DO COMPANIES AND GOVERNMENTS, HOW SHOULD THEY BEHAVE IN A MORAL, ACCEPTABLE WAY?
THAT'S ETHICS.
BUT THEN IT COMES TO GOVERNANCE.
WHAT ARE THE INSTRUMENTS TO PUT IN PLACE TO ENSURE THAT THESE COMPANIES AND THE GOVERNMENTS ARE BEHAVING ETHICALLY?
AND REGULATION IS ONE OF THESE BUT IT'S NOT THE ONLY ONE.
I COME FROM EUROPE, I'VE BEEN AN ACTIVE NEGOTIATOR AND WE SOLVE THIS BUT IT DOESN'T WORK FOR EVERYONE.
HERE WHEN WE TALK ABOUT GOVERNANCE, IT CAN BE THROUGH REGULATION AND ALSO THROUGH MARKET INCENTIVES.
IT CAN BE WITH OVERSIGHT WORK, TREATIES, MANY OTHER WAYS.
WE ARE PROPOSING SOME INSTRUMENTS TO MAKE THIS HAPPEN.
IN TERMS OF REGULATION, WE CANNOT EXPECT ALL OF THE COUNTRIES WILL HAVE THE SAME REGULATION.
WHAT WE CAN EXPECT IS A CONVERGENCE ON A VERY IMPORTANT MEDIUM THAT ANYTHING ON AI IS FOR THE COMMON GOOD.
IT'S BASED UNDER THE U.N. CHAPTER, UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND BASED ON HUMAN RIGHTS.
I THINK THAT'S THE BARE MINIMUM WE SHOULD ASK ON ANY COMPANY.
>> YOU ARE FOR OUR AUDIENCE THAT DOESN'T KNOW YOU THE SPANISH SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DIGITIZATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
YOU'VE HAD THESE CONVERSATIONS ACROSS EUROPE.
HOW DID YOU BALANCE THE NEED FOR MAKING SURE IT'S COMPREHENSIVE, UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGY, AND AT THE SAME TIME THE SORT OF NEED FOR SPEED?
BECAUSE SO OFTEN WE FIND, AT LEAST IN THE UNITED STATES, REGULATION IS ABOUT, I DON'T KNOW, FIVE TO EIGHT YEARS BEHIND WHERE THE TECHNOLOGY IS.
THE BY THE TIME IT GETS LIT AT THIS GATED IN THE COURT SYSTEM, IT'S EVOLVED.
>> THAT'S THE BIG QUESTION.
HOW CAN WE MAKE THESE BEST PRACTICES FUTURE PROOF?
THAT MUST BE EMBEDDED IN THE LAW MECHANISM ITSELF.
IT HAS ITS OWN RENEWABLE MECHANISMS AND A LOT OF THE THINGS I PROPOSED ARE FOR THE INDUSTRY.
WE HAVE ALL THE SAME PRINCIPLE.
ANYTHING WE ARE PROPOSING HERE AS THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ARE AGILE INSTRUMENTS THAT CAN EVOLVE.
WHAT WE CANNOT DO IS TO DO NOTHING, TO WAIT UNTIL THE HARM IS DONE, BECAUSE GOVERNANCE MUST NOT BE SEEN AS AN INNOVATOR.
IT MUST BE SEEN AND IF WE GIVE TRUST TO CONSUMERS AND USERS, PEOPLE WHO ADOPT AI MASSIVELY, THAT'S NOT WHAT WE'RE SEEING.
I THINK RISKS WITH A LITTLE WEIGHT HAVE MORE YEARS.
I THINK WE ARE AT A TIME TO MAKE THINGS HAPPEN AND MAKE SURE PEOPLE SHALL DOING THINGS RIGHT THE FIRST TIME.
PROBABLY WE ARE NOT GOING TO BE ABLE TO GIVE BACK THE POTENTIAL HARM.
>> I LOOKED AT THE REPORT AND THE AMAZING CONFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF EXPERTS WHO ARE VERY CONCERNED ABOUT NEGATIVE AI, TELLING FACT FROM FICTION, THAT'S SOMETHING WE ARE HERE NOW BEFORE AN ELECTION THINKING ABOUT MUCH MORE CLOSELY, I WONDER HOW ARE -- YOU KNOW, WHAT ARE THE CONVERSATIONS THAT ARE NECESSARY TO TRY TO FIGURE OUT SOME SORT OF BASELINE OF ENSURING A SURVEILLANCE STATE DOESN'T TAKE OVER IN A HARMFUL WAY OR INFORMATION INTEGRITY ISN'T DESTROYED?
>> EXACTLY.
THIS IS WHY WE THINK CONSENSUS.
WE CAN COMPETE FOR MARKET SHARE AND SAFETY.
I THINK NATIONAL COUNTRIES WILL HAVE TO LIMIT THE POWER OF GOVERNANCE OR COMPANIES.
AGAIN IN THE ACT WE PUT FIVE CASES WE CONSIDER USERS OF AI.
WE KNOW WE DON'T PRETEND THROUGH THE U.N. TO REPLACE THE ROLE THAT ALL GOVERNMENT LEADERS NEED TO PUT IN PLACE IN THEIR COUNTRIES.
WHAT ARE THE RISKS?
HOW DO WE PREVENT UNINTENDED MISUSES.
HOW DO WE SET UP GUARDRAILS THAT RISK IN THIS COUNTRY IS A RISK IN OTHER COUNTRIES.
HOW DO WE ALIGN ON TECHNICAL STANDARDS?
HOW DO WE SET UP SCIENTIFIC PANELS?
ALL THESE ARE NOT JUST FEARS WITH NO SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE BECAUSE WE ARE FOCUSING A LOT ON THE RISK AND WE'RE NOT FOCUSING, THEREFORE, ON THE OPPORTUNITIES.
IT'S HUGE.
I THINK WE ARE ALL IN THE SAME BOAT.
COMPANIES, CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENTS, THAT WE USE AI FOR THE GOOD.
I THINK THAT IS A GREAT OPPORTUNITY.
>> EVEN IF YOU WANTED TO FOCUS ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF AI, THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS WITH THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT IS NECESSARY TO POWER SOME OF THE DATA CENTERS WHERE ALL OF THIS COMPUTING POWER WOULD BE WORKING, RIGHT?
HERE WE ARE ON THE ONE HAND IN A CLIMATE CRISIS THAT IS A SIGNIFICANT, YOU KNOW, KIND OF COST FOR THE WORLD.
ARE WE MAKING THINGS WORSE WHEN WE ARE LOOKING AT HOW AI IS DEVELOPING TODAY WITHOUT REALLY ANY ENVIRONMENTAL GUARDRAILS?
>> ABSOLUTELY.
THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF AI WITH THE LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY IS NOT SUSTAINABLE.
BECAUSE WE THINK AI CAN BE VERY POSITIVE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, WE NEED TO ASK FOR SUSTAINABLE REQUIREMENTS ALSO.
I THINK ONE OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WE EXPECT THE SCIENTIFIC PANEL WILL SHED SOME LIGHT IS IN HOW TO DO THAT IN A BETTER WAY, HOW CAN WE BE MORE EFFICIENT SO WE DON'T HAVE THE EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION WHICH IS ABSOLUTELY LIKE CONTRIBUTORY, USING AI TO BE MORE EFFICIENT.
AT THE SAME TIME THE TECHNOLOGY IS NOT SUSTAINABLE BY ITSELF.
THAT'S THE WAY WE WANT TO GO.
THAT'S THE WAY THE INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS MUST GO.
>> MOST OF US AS CONSUMERS THINK ABOUT CHATBOTS.
THERE ARE DARKER USES THAT WE ARE SLOWLY UNDERSTANDING.
ONE IS IN THE USE OF AUTONOMOUS WEAPONS.
THIS IS A COMPLETELY DISCRETE CONVERSATION THAT HAS MOSTLY MILITARY STAKEHOLDERS, HEADS OF STATE INVOLVED.
SO I WONDER IF IN THIS KIND OF AN ADVISORY MODEL WHETHER YOU'VE COME UP WITH ANYTHING TO SUGGEST OR ALTER THE COURSE OF HOW AI COULD BE USED IN DEFENSE?
>> WELL, IN THIS PARTICULAR MATTER WE SEE IT, WE DON'T NEED TO PROVIDE A DIFFERENT INSTRUMENT.
WE ALREADY HAVE THE GENEVA CONVENTION.
WHAT WE ARE RECOMMENDING IN THE REPORT IS WE, I WOULD SAY, EXPECT OR CLAIM FOR A TREATY IN 2026 TO BAN THESE ALTERNATIVE WEAPONS.
THIS IS LIKE A PROPOSAL THAT WE DO, REALLY THAT A PLACE THAT THIS IS DISCUSSED IS THE GENEVA CONVENTION.
WE DON'T NEED TO CREATE A DIFFERENT INSTRUMENT.
AI MUST BE FOR THE GOOD OF HUMANITY, WE ALSO CONSIDER THE HARM.
>> WE'VE ALSO ALREADY SEEN HERE IN THE UNITED STATES HORRIBLE CASES WHERE THE MODELS THAT THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WAS TRAINED OFN, ESPECIALLY FOR VISUAL RECOGNITION, CREATES BIASES AND EXACERBATINGBIASES.
SOME OF THAT MIGHT BE CONSCIOUS AND SOME MIGHT BE UNCONSCIOUS.
HOW DO YOU FIGURE OUT ANY KIND OF A CONVERSATION, MUCH LESS A STANDARD, SO COMPANIES IN EUROPE, THE UNITED STATES AND MAYBE CHINA SAY HERE'S WHAT TO AVOID TO MAKE SURE YOUR DATA ON THE RESPONSE AND THE OUTPUT IS BETTER?
>> COMPANIES HAVE CREATED A RESPONSE.
THE SECTOR IS VERY RESPONSIBLE AND WILL DO THINGS BETTER AND WHEN WE ARE TALKING ABOUT THESE, FOR EXAMPLE, THE DIALOGUE, WE INCLUDE THE COMPANIES THERE.
WE INCLUDE ACADEMIA, THE COMPANY, THE GOVERNMENT, SOCIETY.
THAT'S WHERE WE NEED -- THAT'S WHERE A CONVERSATION IS NEEDED.
I THINK ALL OF THIS IS GOING TO PROGRESS ON THE TECHNICAL POINT OF VIEW.
IT IS TRUE ALL OF THESE LAWS OF GENERAL PURPOSE ARE GOING TO BE REFINED BY PRIVATE DATA OR SPECIFICALLY USE CASES ON THE INDUSTRIES.
I THINK ONE IS A NORMAL EVOLUTION OF THE PRODUCTS AND THE OTHER IS HOW CAN WE SENSE THE RISK THIS CAN HAVE FOR DISCRIMINATION AND THE RIGHTS AND VALUES.
THAT'S WHERE WE NEED THESE CONVERSATIONS.
PUT TOGETHER THE DEVELOPERS, USERS, POLICY MAKERS AND COME TO THIS CONSENSUS AND STANDARDS.
>> WHAT DO YOU THINK RIGHT NOW IS THE BIGGEST OBSTACLE OF TRYING TO ESTABLISH SOMETHING LIKE THIS, EVEN IF IT'S NOT A HARD AGENCY, EVEN IF THEY'RE SOFTER STEPS THAT YOU ARE SUGGESTING?
WHAT DOES SUCCESS LOOK LIKE IN FIVE YEARS?
>> THE FIRST IMMEDIATE STEP IS TO GAIN THE SUPPORT OF THE MEMBER STATES IN THE VOTING THEY HAVE ON THE GLOBAL DIGITAL COUNCIL THAT WILL TAKE PLACE ON SUNDAY.
THE DISCUSSIONS OF THE COMMON AGENDA ON THE UNITED NATIONS.
THE FIRST THING IS THIS PROPOSAL THAT THE GROUP OF INDIVIDUAL EXPERTS, THE 39 MEMBERS OF OUR BOARD, IT'S MORE THAN 2,000 EXPERTS IN THE WORLD THAT HAVE PARTICIPATED IN DIFFERENT CONSULTATIONS, MORE THAN 70 CONSULTATIONS ALL OVER THE WORLD.
WE ARE QUITE CONFIDENT THAT THESE RECOMMENDATIONS MAKE SENSE AND THAT THESE RECOMMENDATIONS HAVE GATHERED ABSOLUTELY ALL THE SENSITIVITIES.
SO THE NEXT STEP IS WE REALLY GAINED THE SUPPORT OF THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATION ON THE UNITED NATIONS AND TO PUSH FOR THESE INITIATIVES.
IF EVEN ALL OF THESE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE NOT ADOPTED, I THINK WE SHOULD START THE DISCUSSION FROM THE SOCIETY POINT OF VIEW.
WE NEED TO PUT ALL OF THESE CHALLENGES ON THE TABLE AND RECREATE THOSE.
WE EXPECT WE RECREATE A CONVERSATION AROUND THIS.
>> THANKS A LOT FOR JOINING US.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>>> FINALLY FOR US, THROUGH THE CRACKS OF HATE AND TRANS PHOBIA, ART SHINES THROUGH.
MORE THAN 700 PLASTER CASTS NOW ADORN THE SQUARE EACH MADE FROM THE FACES OF TRANS, NON-BINARY AND GENDER NONCONFORMING PEOPLE.
THE ARTIST HOPES HER WORK WILL RAISE AWARENESS OF THE VIOLENCE DIRECTED TOWARDS THE TRANS COMMUNITY IN HER NATIVE MEXICO.
THE PIECE MARKS 25 YEARS OF THE ART BEING SHOWN.
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