November 26, 2024

>> HELLO EVERYONE AND WELCOME TO AMANPOUR & COMPANY.

HERE IS WHAT IS COMING UP.

>> WILL THE LEBANON WAR AND NOW THE LATEST FROM THERE .

> >> KNOW AND IN GAZA.

>> DOCTORS CALL IT AN UTTERLY CATASTROPHIC SITUATION .

WE GO INSIDE ONE OF THE LAST HOSPITALS FUNCTIONING IN THE NORTH.

>> COVERING UP A MURDER.

>> A HIT COMEDY SERIES, BAD SISTERS HAS RETURN FOR SEASON TWO.

THIS TIME IT HAS A DARKER TONE.

I SPEAK WITH THE SHOWS CREATOR AND ACTOR SHARON WORDEN.

> >> OBESITY RISING AT HIGHER RATES DESPITE WEIGHT-LOSS DRUGS LIKE THOSE AND PICK WE SPEAK WITH ONE DOCTOR ON HOW THE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL ABOUT WHY THOSE DRUGS ARE NOT A CURE- ALL.

>> AMANPOUR & COMPANY IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE ANDERSON FAMILY ENDOWMENT.

JIM ATWOOD AND LESLIE WILLIAM CANDACE KING WEIR THE FAMILY FOUNDATION OF LAYLA AND MICKEY STRAUSS.

MARK J BLESHNER.

SETON J MELVIN.

CHARLES ROSENBLUM.

COO AND PATRICIA YUEN .

BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG.

BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.

THANK YOU.

>> WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM EVERYONE I AM CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR IN LONDON .

> >> A CEASE FILE DEAL APPEARS WITHIN REACH BETWEEN ISRAEL AND HEZBOLLAH.

THE PRIME MINISTER WILL LAYOUT THE TERMS WHICH CALLS FOR A 60 DAY PAUSE TO SET THE STAGE FOR A LASTING TRUCE.

THE U. S. HELPED BROKER THE CEASE-FIRE AND THE SECRETARY OF STATE TALKED ABOUT GETTING IT OVER THE LINE WHILE HE WAS AT THE G7 SUMMIT IN ITALY.

>> THIS WILL MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE IN SAVING LIVES AND LIVELIHOODS.

IN LEBANON AND IN ISRAEL.

IT WILL MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN CREATING THE CONDITIONS WHICH WILL ALLOW PEOPLE TO RETURN TO THEIR HOMES, SAFELY, AND NORTHERN ISRAEL AND IN SOUTHERN LEBANON.

I ALSO BELIEVE, BY DE- ESCALATING TENSIONS IN THE REGION, THIS COULD HELP US TO END THE CONFLICT IN GAZA.

IN PARTICULAR, HAMAS WILL KNOW IT CANNOT COUNT ON OTHER FRONTS OPENING UP IN THE WAR.

>> IN THE FINAL HOURS BEFORE THE CEASE-FIRE WAS MEANT TO BE AGREED, ISRAEL HAS BEEN POUNDING WHAT IT SAYS ARE HEZBOLLAH TARGETS, A SERIES OF AIRSTRIKES HIT IN AND AROUND THE LEBANESE CAPITAL ON TUESDAY.

HEZBOLLAH HAS BEEN FIRING INTO ISRAEL.

THE LEBANESE GOVERNMENT HAS AGREED TO THE U. S. BACKED PROPOSAL AFTER THE SPEAKER OF THE PARLIAMENT RECEIVED HEZBOLLAH'S APPROVAL TO MOVE FORWARD.

THE DEPUTY SPEAKER OF PARLIAMENT JOINS ME NOW FROM BEIRUT.

DEPUTY SPEAKER, WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM.

CAN I ASK YOU, HOW CLOSE DO YOU THINK THIS ACTUALLY IS?

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME ON THE SHOW .

I THINK WE ARE VERY CLOSE.

WE ARE PROBABLY WITHIN MINUTES OF ANNOUNCEMENTS THAT WILL TAKE PLACE IN ISRAEL AND LATER ON WE ARE EXPECTING A STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE PRESIDENT OF FRANCE AND A JOINT STATEMENT MAY BE TO ANNOUNCE THE DEAL AND AFTER THAT WE WILL EXPECT A STATEMENT FROM THE GOVERNMENT, IF THINGS CONTINUE TO GO IN THE DIRECTION WE UNDERSTAND IT HISTORICALLY WE MADE DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES, THOSE EXPERIENCES ARE NOT ENCOURAGING.

WE DON'T KNOW IF THIS IS GOING TO HAPPEN FOR SURE OR IF SOMETHING MIGHT CHANGE IN THE LAST MINUTE.

WE ARE SKEPTICAL IN LEBANON BECAUSE OF THE BAD EXPERIENCES WE'VE HAD IN THE PAST.

>> YOU MENTION FRANCE HELPED TO BROKER THIS WITH UNITED STATES.

LET ME ASK YOU, THERE'S BEEN A LOT SAID.

I SAID PART OF THE DEAL COULD BE A 60 DAY PAUSE IN ANTICIPATION OF A MORE PERMANENT TRUCE.

COULD YOU GIVE US OR CONFIRM WHETHER OR NOT THAT'S THE CASE AND GIVE US MORE DETAILS, WHAT WILL THIS TRUCE, AGREEMENT, OR ARRANGEMENT LOOK LIKE?

>> THERE ARE SEVERAL POINTS BUT THE IMPORTANT ONE WOULD BE THE MINUTE THAT THIS IS ANNOUNCED, I HAD THE INFORMATION 12 HOURS FROM ANNOUNCEMENT, WHEN THE CEASE-FIRE WOULD TAKE EFFECT.

WE PROBABLY CAUGHT THE OPERATION, THE MILITARY OPERATION.

THIS TERM WAS USED IN 1701 AND THE UNITED NATION, LETTING THIS KNOW THAT THIS WAS PASSED IN LEBANON WHICH WAS IN 2006 AFTER THE WAR OF 2006 SO WE SAY HALT OF MILITARY OPERATIONS WITH 60 DAYS TO IMPLEMENT THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT.

IT FOCUSES AROUND 1701.

IT STATES THAT THIS SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY KNOWN FOR ANY TERRITORY THAT THEY MAY HAVE.

THEY ARE CURRENTLY AT THE BORDER IN SOME VILLAGES OR AREAS IN THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF LEBANON SO THIS WILL HAPPEN WITHIN 60 DAYS IT WILL BEGIN TO BE IMPLEMENTED IMMEDIATELY BUT WE HAVE 60 DAYS TO COMPLETE THIS.

AFTER THIS THE LEBANESE ARMY.

TRAILING IN.

ANYPLACE THAT THE ISRAELIS LEAVE, THEN THEY ENTER.

THE ARMY WILL HAVE A MAJOR ROLE TOGETHER WITHIN THESE POSITIONS THAT WERE THAT WERE LEFT BY THE ISRAELI FORCES.

>> I WAS GOING TO ASK YOU , THE ISRAELI FORCES YOU SAY, THESE ARE DUE TO PULL BACK BUT SO TO THE HEZBOLLAH FORCES, CORRECT?

THERE'S A NUMBER OF KILOMETERS.

>> THIS WAS WHAT I WAS REACHING THIS IS THE CAUSE OF ANYTHING, THE AREAS, THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE RIVER IN THE SOUTH OF THE RIVER THERE SHOULD BE NO ARMS OR ROCKETS AND NO MILITARY PRESENCE.

ALSO, AFTER THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE ARMY ENTERING THIS AREA, WE EXPECT ALSO THAT IF THEY EXIST, THE ROCKETS WHERE THEY EXIST, IN THIS PORTION OF THE RIVER SHOULD BE WITHDRAWN OR FINDING A SOLUTION TO THIS.

THEY PLACE THIS COURSE WITHIN 60 DAYS.

THIS ALSO TALKS OF OTHER THINGS.

YOU KNOW HOW WE NEED TO REACH A POINT IN THE END WHERE WE STABILIZE THE REGION AND STABILIZE THE BORDER AND WITH NEGOTIATIONS AS PART OF THAT AGREEMENT AND PART OF THAT AREA WE ARE EXPECTING TO SEE IS THE FINAL DEMARCATION OF THE LAND BOUNDARY BETWEEN LEBANON AND ISRAEL.

THERE ARE SOME POINTS THAT ARE STILL, YOU KNOW, BEING DISCUSSED SINCE 2006.

WE NEVER FINALIZED THOSE BUT WE EXPECT THAT THIS TIME THEY WILL BE THE FINALIZATION FOR THESE PENDING ISSUES BUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW AND WHAT HAPPENED IN 2006 IS THE SAME 1701 BUT BECAUSE THIS WAS IMPLEMENTED BY ISRAEL AND LEBANON THIS TIME WE ARE HOPING THAT THERE WILL BE A NEW COMMITTEE ONE THAT EXISTED BETWEEN LEBANON, ISRAEL AND THE UNITED NATIONS THAT WAS MEETING ON A REGULAR BASIS IN THE SOUTH AND NOW WE WILL ADD TO THAT COMMITTEE, THE UNITED STATES AND FRANCE.

WHENEVER THEY MEET WITH THE UNITED STATES THEY WILL PRESIDE THOSE MEETINGS SO THIS WOULD BE A COMMITTEE THAT IF YOU WANT TO OVERSEE TO MONITOR THE IMPLICATION OF THAT AGREEMENT.

>> LET ME ASK YOU A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS.

AS YOU SAID, THE 1701 THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION WHICH ENDED THOSE 2006 WARS CALLING FOR THESE THINGS THAT YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT AND YET IT WAS NOT FULLY IMPLEMENTED AND THESE COUNTRIES RETURN TO WAR AGAINST EACH OTHER MOST SPECIFICALLY AFTER OCTOBER 7 WHEN HEZBOLLAH BEGAN TO FIRE INTO ISRAEL IN SUPPORT OF HAMAS.

AND ONE OF THE WEAKNESSES YOUR COUNTRY OR SOVEREIGN NATION, THE ARMY HAS NOT BEEN ABLE TO HAVE THE STRENGTH OR THE AUTHORITY THAT HEZBOLLAH MILITANT FORCES DO.

HOW WILL THIS CHANGE NOW?

WHY WILL THIS CHANGE NOW?

>> THIS WILL CHANGE BECAUSE, AS YOU KNOW, THE LEBANESE ARMY WAS NOT RECEIVING THE FULL SUPPORT FINANCIALLY OR EQUIPMENT WISE OR MILITARILY, THE LEBANESE ARMY WAS ALWAYS IN A POSITION WHERE WE HAD NO RIGHTS TO OWN THINGS THAT MIGHT PROBABLY COULD CAUSE, IF YOU WISH CAUSING EFFECT TO ISRAEL.

SO HOPEFULLY EVERYONE WILL HELP US TO STRENGTHEN THE ARMY TO DEFEND OUR COUNTRY AND THE EXISTENCE OF THE RESISTANCE OF HEZBOLLAH IN THE PAST WAS BECAUSE WE SAID THEY MAY COME TO LEBANON THEY MAY ATTACK US ANYTIME.

WE HAVE A HISTORY OF FORCE BETWEEN LEBANON AND ISRAEL.

WE HOPE AND LEBANON, WITH THIS WE WILL REACH A POINT WITH ALL THE THREATS OF THEIR INTEREST IN LEBANON, THIS WILL GO AWAY AND WE WILL HAVE ONE ARMY, ONE ARMED FORCES OFFICIALLY CALLED THE LEBANESE ARMY.

WHEN WE REACH THIS THEN HOPEFULLY WE CAN SAY THAT WE HAVE A STABLE BORDER AND A BETTER COUNTRY MOVING FORWARD AND THAT THE WAR WILL GO AWAY FOREVER.

HISTORICALLY WE'VE SEEN DIFFERENT WARS EVERY 10 OR 15 YEARS.

THE ISRAELIS COME AND CLAIM SOMETIMES AREAS OF LEBANON ARE SOMETIMES HAS MORE INTEREST IN WATER OR EVEN IN GAZA AND THE OIL WE HAVE IN THE SEA.

WE WANT THIS TO BE SETTLED IN TO GO AWAY AND THEN WE WILL SAY THE LEBANESE ARMY SHOULD BE THE ONLY ARMY THAT HAS ARMS TO DEFEND LEBANON.

HOPEFULLY THIS WILL END THE SITUATION WE'VE BEEN LIVING IN.

>> ON THE ONE HAND IT'S A HUGE OPPORTUNITY TO BRING STABILITY AND SOVEREIGNTY TO LEBANON BUT DOES HEZBOLLAH AGREE WITH THE POINTS THAT YOU'VE BEEN TELLING ME?

DOES ITS MAIN BACKER, IRAN AGREE AND WHAT HAPPENS TO HEZBOLLAH MILITANTS OR WHATEVER THEY WOULD CALL THEMSELVES, THE HEZBOLLAH ARMY?

ARE THEY ABSORBED INTO THE LEBANESE ARMY?

>> ALL THIS WOULD BE DISCUSSED.

WE HAVE SOMETHING CALLED THE NATIONAL DEFENSE STRATEGY THAT WE WERE SUPPOSED TO DISCUSS AND IMPLEMENT YEARS AGO BUT IT NEVER HAPPENED.

WE HOPE NOW , WE HEARD A STATEMENT FROM HEZBOLLAH, THAT THEY ARE PREPARED TO TALK ABOUT THE NATIONAL DEFENSE STRATEGY THAT LEBANON CAN HAVE AND IMPLEMENT AND IF WE SUCCEED IN THAT WE NEED TO ELECT A PRESIDENT AND WE NEED TO HAVE A GOVERNMENT THAT IS FUNCTIONING.

WE HAVE MANY THINGS THAT NEED TO BE FIXED WITHIN THE COUNTRY.

OUR FIRST GOAL SHOULD BE TO FIND A NATIONAL DEFENSE STRATEGY TO DEFEND US AGAINST ANY AGGRESSION BY ISRAEL OR ANYONE ELSE THEN WE WOULD HAVE ONE ARMED FORCES, THE LEBANESE ARMY TO DEFEND THE COUNTRY.

THIS WILL NEED INTERNAL DISCUSSION AND THIS COULD TAKE PLACE AND WE LAMENT A CEASE- FIRE AGREEMENT NOW THAN WE HAVE PROBABLY AN ELECTED PRESIDENT AND THEN WE WOULD HAVE A CABINET, A NEW GOVERNMENT THEN WE WOULD MEET TO DISCUSS THOSE SOLUTIONS.

>> ONE LAST QUESTION IS , EVERYONE KNOWS LEBANON IS DESPERATE IN TERMS OF ITS FINANCIAL COLLAPSE YOU NOW HAD SINCE SEPTEMBER THE WHOLE MOTIVE ISRAELI AIRSTRIKES AND OTHER THINGS WHICH HAVE LEVELED SWATHS OF BEIRUT AND OTHER PLACES AS THEY SAY.

THEY WENT AFTER HEZBOLLAH TARGETS.

WHO WILL HELP YOU TO REBUILD?

>> I JUST RECEIVED THE MESSAGE NOW THAT THE ISRAELI CABINET HAS APPROVED THE CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT .

I THINK YOU MAY HAVE RECEIVED THE SAME THING RIGHT NOW, THEY JUST ANNOUNCED THEY RECEIVED OR ACCEPTED THE ORDER OFFICIALLY.

I COULD SAY WE ARE PROBABLY YOU KNOW, A FEW HOURS AWAY FROM AN OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT OR IT COULD BE LESS THAN THAT.

>> SO YOU'D GIVEN US SOME BREAKING NEWS WHICH WE'VE YET TO HEAR FROM ISRAEL ITSELF BUT YOU SAY THAT YOU'VE HAD A MESSAGE THAT THE ISRAELI CABINET HAS APPROVED, IS THAT WHAT YOU ARE SAYING?

>> I THINK , MAYBE, IT'S BEING REPORTED ON CNN AS WELL SO THEY MIGHT HAVE ANNOUNCED THIS IN ISRAEL.

>> THIS IS GOOD NEWS FOR YOU, YOUR COUNTRY, FOR ISRAEL.

LET ME ASK YOU THIS QUESTION THAT I PUT TO YOU, WHO WILL PAY FOR THE SHATTERING OF SO MUCH AND THE DESTRUCTION OF SO MUCH AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF SO MANY SINCE SEPTEMBER?

>> THANK YOU FOR THIS QUESTION .

HE BEGAN THE INTERVIEW TALKING ABOUT THE AMOUNT OF THIS BOMBARDMENT AND BOMBING THAT'S HAPPENING AS WE SPEAK IN LEBANON.

THOSE ARE NOT JUSTIFIED.

THE ISRAELIS KNOW THE AGREEMENT HAS BEEN REACHED.

THERE'S NO MORE NEGOTIATION SO EVERYTHING THAT THEY ARE DOING NOW IS AIMING AT CIVILIANS, BUILDINGS THAT HAVE CIVILIANS LIVING IN THEM.

THE BOMBARDMENT IS REACHING BEIRUT.

IT'S UNJUSTIFIED.

THE WAR IS BAD AND BECAUSE OF THE WAR THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT'S BEEN SPENT ON THE WAR THIS CENTURY, IT'S BEYOND IMAGINATION.

IF THIS WERE TO BE SPENT ON BETTER LIVES FOR EVERYBODY WE WOULD BE IN A DIFFERENT SITUATION.

HOW CAN LEBANON STAND ON ITS FEET AGAIN?

THE ANSWER IS UNTIL RIGHT NOW IT'S BEEN UNCLEAR BUT IF THIS WAR ENDS I COULD TELL YOU AND IF WE FIX OUR INTERNAL PROBLEMS IN LEBANON AND WE REACH A POINT WHERE, YOU KNOW WE BE NO MORE IN A POSITION WHERE WE EXPECT WAR BETWEEN LEBANON AND ISRAEL EVERY FEW YEARS AS A GOVERNMENT THAT'S TALKING TO EVERYONE THAT'S OPEN TO PEACE AND SPEAKING WITH EVERYONE AROUND THE WORLD WE COULD FIND SOME WAY TO REBUILD THE COUNTRY.

>> THE DEPUTY SPEAKER OF THE LEBANESE PARLIAMENT.

THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US ON THIS CONSEQUENTIAL DAY.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

> >> TO GAZA WHERE THERE IS NO CEASE-FIRE PLANNED AND NO AND INSIGHT TO THE WAR.

DOCTORS CALL THE SITUATION UTTERLY CATASTROPHIC.

ONLY TWO HOSPITALS REMAIN IN THE NORTH OF THE STRIP AND THEY ARE BARELY FUNCTIONING.

ONE HOSPITAL THAT'S BEEN STRUCK HER OVER AND AGAIN RECENTLY.

THERE WAS EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY GATHERED FROM ONE OF THE LAST DOCTORS IN GAZA THAT HAS THIS REPORT.

WE WARN YOU OF COURSE, THIS IS DISTURBING.

>> Reporter: THIS IS THE STORY OF A HOSPITAL BROUGHT TO ITS KNEES AND THIS MAN WHO'S TRYING TO SAVE IT.

>> SOME OF THE DESPERATE CRIES FOR HELP FROM THE DOCTOR, ONE OF THE LAST DOCTORS IN NORTHERN GAZA.

FOR WEEKS HE'S BEEN DOCUMENTING THE HORROR INSIDE THE HOSPITAL AND WANTS US TO SHARE HIS ACCOUNT WITH THE WORLD.

OUTSIDE OF HIS HOSPITAL THE NEW ISRAELI OFFENSIVE THAT HAS BEGUN IN OCTOBER.

THEY'VE ORDERED CIVILIANS OUT FOR THEIR SAFETY BUT ISRAEL HAS BEEN ACCUSED OF BESIEGING THE CIVILIAN POPULATION.

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH SAYS THIS COULD AMOUNT TO ETHNIC CLEANSING SOMETHING THAT THE MILITARY DENIES.

>> INSIDE THE HOSPITAL THEY STRUGGLE TO COPE WITH THE INFLUX OF CASUALTIES.

ONE JOURNALIST CAPTURES THESE SCENES OF PANIC IN THE MID OCTOBER.

AND ON OCTOBER 24 THE ISRAELI FORCES CLOSED IN ON THE COMPOUND.

IN THE NEXT FEW DAYS THIS AREA ITSELF WOULD BECOME A WAR ZONE.

IT IS THE THIRD TIME IN A YEAR THIS DOCTOR WHO IS A PEDIATRICIAN FINDS HIMSELF IN HIS HOSPITAL SURROUNDED AND IS UNDER ATTACK.

THEY ARE RUNNING DANGEROUSLY LOW ON SUPPLIES, FUEL AND FOOD.

THE ISRAELI MILITARY SAYS IT ALLOWS AID IN BUT THE U. S. SAYS IT'S NOT NEARLY ENOUGH.

THE IDF ORDERED CIVILIANS WHO'D BEEN SHELTERING HERE TO EVACUATE WHO HOLD UP WHITE FLAGS AND WHATEVER THEY COULD CARRY.

DOZENS WERE DETAINED INCLUDING MORE THAN 40 MEDICAL PERSONNEL.

SOME SEEN IN THESE PHOTOS THAT WERE POSTED ON SOCIAL MEDIA .

THIS DOCTOR HERE WITH HIS HANDS UP IN THE AIR SAYS THAT HE WAS INTERROGATED FOR HOURS.

>> STILL HE REFUSED TO ABANDON HIS PATIENTS.

WHAT FOLLOWED APPEARED TO BE A BRIEF FLOW WHEN FAMILIES BEGIN TO FIND THE BODIES OF LOVED ONES IN THE GROUND THE COMPOUND HOSPITAL.

WHILE THE DOCTOR WAS ATTENDING TO THE INJURED HE WAS CALLED OUTSIDE.

HIS 21-YEAR-OLD SON WAS KILLED IN ISRAELI STRIKE AT THE HOSPITAL GATES.

HE TRIES TO LEAVE THE HE TRIES TO LEAVE THE FUNERAL PRAYERS BUT IT'S TOO MUCH.

HE BURIES HIS BOY, HIS SON IS STILL CLOSE TO HIM IN A PLACE TESTAMENT TO THIS ONE MAN'S STRUGGLE.

IN A STATEMENT TO CNN THE IDF DID NOT ADDRESS HIS DEATH BUT SET ITS OPERATIONS IN THE AREA WERE BASED ON PRECISE INTELLIGENCE AND THAT DOZENS OF TERRORISTS WERE FOUND HIDING INSIDE OF THE HOSPITAL.

SOME OF THEM EVEN POSING AS MEDICAL STAFF.

IT SAYS THIS IS A MEDIC IN CUSTODY AND THAT HE'S ADMITTED HAMAS IS OPERATING INSIDE OF THE HOSPITAL.

CNN CANNOT VERIFY THESE ALLEGATIONS.

THE IDF RELEASED THESE IMAGES OF THE WEAPONS IT SAYS IT FOUND INSIDE OF THE HOSPITAL.

THE DOCTOR SAYS THAT THEY BELONG TO THE SECURITY GUARDS.

THE ISRAELI MILITARY'S LONG RATIONALIZED TARGETS IN THE GAZA HEALTH FACILITIES ACCUSING HAMAS OF USING THEM FOR TERROR ACTIVITIES.

DAYS AFTER THE IDF SAID ITS OPERATIONS CONCLUDED.

THERE ATTACKS DID NOT.

THE EVERY DAY FOR THESE MANY WORKING UNDER FIRE.

IT IS HARD TO BELIEVE THIS WAS ONCE OF GUISES TOP HEALTHCARE FACILITIES, THERE'S NO DOUBT ABOUT THE KIND OF FIREPOWER THAT'S BEEN UNLEASHED HERE.

THE STORAGE ROOM HAS BEEN LEFT HARD, THE WALLS OF THE NEONATAL ICU POCKMARKED WITH BULLET HOLES, THE AMBULANCES CRUSHED.

THIS DOCTOR LIKE MANY OF THE HOSPITALS NOW BARELY FUNCTIONING.

>> THIS IS THIS FIGHT FOR SURVIVAL.

GIVING UP IS NOT AN OPTION FOR THE DOCTOR, THE STRIKES HAVE LEFT HIM AND THE OTHERS AT THE HOSPITAL INJURED THIS WEEK.

PAYING THE PRICE FOR STAYING BEHIND IN THIS NIGHTMARE ON REPEAT.

>> THE MILITARY TELL CNN IT'S UNAWARE OF THIS STRIKE THAT INJURED THE DOCTOR AND SAYS IT TAKES ALL NECESSARY MEASURES TO AVOID HARMING CIVILIANS.

THE ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER NETANYAHU ANNOUNCED ON PUBLIC TELEVISION HIS SECURITY CABINET HAS ACCEPTED THE U. S. BACKED CEASE-FIRE DEAL BETWEEN ISRAEL, LEBANON AND HEZBOLLAH AND IT'S EXPECTED TO GO INTO EFFECT 12 HOURS AFTERWARD.

NOW FRENCH PROSECUTORS ARE ASKING FOR THE MAXIMUM SENTENCE FOR A MAN ACCUSED OF ORGANIZING THE DRUGGING AND ASSAULT BY DOZENS OF MEN OF HIS FORMER WIFE OVER THE 10 YEARS OF THEIR MARRIAGE.

GREETED WITH CHEERS AND FLOWERS AS SHE EXITED THE COURTHOUSE ON MONDAY.

SHE BRAVELY WAIVED HER RIGHT TO ANONYMITY AS SHE TESTIFIED IN THE TRIAL AND HAS BECOME A HERO TO A NATION THAT'S BEEN GRIPPED BY THIS TRAGIC AND SORDID CRIME.

ART OFTEN IMITATES LIFE AND THAT DISPLAY OF SOLIDARITY AND SISTERHOOD IS THE HEART OF THE HIT SERIES BAD SISTERS.

A SHOW ABOUT MISOGYNY AND VIOLENCE AND LOVE AND WHAT WOMEN DO WHEN DARK TWISTS UNITE THEM.

HERE IS A CLIP.

>> AFTER EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENED, THINGS ARE FINALLY LOOKING UP .

>> DID YOU EVER THINK ABOUT WHAT WE DID?

>> I KILLED MY HUSBAND.

>> YOUR ALL INVOLVED IN THIS.

>> YOU ARE COVERING UP A MURDER.

>> THE WORLD IS BETTER OFF WITHOUT HIM , EVEN THE POPE WOULD SAY THAT.

>> IN ITS SECOND SEASON THE SHOW'S CREATOR AND PRINCIPAL ACTOR JOINS ME.

WELCOME BACK TO THE PROGRAM.

WE HAD YOU ON FOR THE FIRST SEASON .

YOU KNOW, EVERYONE WHO'S WATCHED THIS KNOWS THAT THIS ENDED ON A GOOD NOTE.

THERE WAS SORT OF THIS JUSTICE DELIVERED.

YOU SISTERS ALL SEEMED TO BE PLEASED WITH THE RESULTS.

YOUR BIG SISTER IN THE FILM, YOUR HUSBAND WHO WAS SO ABUSIVE ENDED UP DEAD.

WHY A SECOND SERIES?

WHY NOT LET A GOOD ENDING TRIUMPH BECAUSE THIS WAS PRETTY DARK.

>> IT WAS PRETTY DARK BUT IT SEEMED TO ME IT WAS A MORE ACCURATE REPRESENTATION OF LIFE , YOU KNOW?

THE REALITY OF WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU'RE IN AN ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIP, YOU KNOW?

RACE WAS SURROUNDED BY THIS INCREDIBLE SISTERHOOD AS YOU SAID BUT SHE'S ISOLATED HERSELF FOR SO LONG AND SOURCE OF HID WHAT SHE WAS GOING THROUGH BECAUSE YOU KNOW, IT'S A HARD THING TO TALK ABOUT AND IT'S DEEPLY FELT.

SHE WAS EMBARRASSED BY IT.

SO YOU KNOW, I THOUGHT SOMETHING BAD WAS TO HAPPEN AGAIN BECAUSE OF HER VULNERABLE SITUATION, WHICH HE BE ABLE TO REACH OUT TO HER FAMILY AND TO ME THE ANSWER WAS, NO AND WE HAD THIS BEAUTIFUL ENDING.

IT WAS LIKE A FAIRYTALE ENDING.

TO ME THAT'S NOT REAL LIFE.

>> SO THE ENDING OF SEASON ONE AND NOW THE BEGINNING OF SEASON TWO, IT STARTS WITH A FAIRYTALE BEGINNING, GRACE, THE WIDOW WHO MARRIES THIS HANDSOME GUY IAN AFTER TWO YEARS OF MOURNING I GUESS, IT'S MORE FAIRYTALES?

>> WELL, YOU'LL JUST HAVE TO WAIT AND SEE.

YOU KNOW, IT FELT LIKE A GOOD WAY TO START THIS SERIES.

YOU KNOW THE FIRST SEASON STARTED ON A FUNERAL SO IT FELT RIGHT TO START THIS ONE ON A WEDDING AND TWO YEARS ON BECAUSE I WANTED TO SHOW WHAT EACH OF THESE SISTERS HAD BEEN THROUGH AND HOW THEY SORT OF RECOVERED OR NOT RECOVERED.

TO SORT OF INTRODUCE THE AUDIENCE TO THE SISTERS LIVES THROUGH THIS VERY SEEMINGLY CELEBRATORY FAMILY AFFAIR IT FELT LIKE A GREAT WEIGHT IN.

>> AND I GUESS PEOPLE KNOW BUT I THINK WE SHOULD JUST SAY GRACE HAD THIS HUSBAND THAT YOU CALL THE CRITIC IN THIS FIRST SEASON.

HE WAS REALLY ABUSIVE AND EACH AND EVERY ONE OF YOU SISTERS HAD BEEN MAJORLY WRONGED.

YOUR CHARACTER WAS ACTUALLY ASSAULTED BY HIM .

>> YES.

>> RIGHT?

HE HAD SWINDLED, CHEATED, AND TOUCHED EACH ONE OF YOU SISTERS.

SO THEN HE'S KILLED AND THEN WE COME TO THIS NEW WEDDING AND POOR OLD GRACE, SHE THINKS SHE'S DOING THE RIGHT THING AND SHE'S HONEST TO HER NEW HUSBAND AND CONFESSES SHE HAD A HAND IN KILLING HER HUSBAND AND THEN HE DISAPPEARS AND THERE'S NO SYMPATHY WHATSOEVER.

>> YES, IT BACKFIRES.

I DON'T KNOW HOW I'D RESPOND.

AGAIN SHE'S BACKED INTO A CORNER.

ROGER WHO WAS SORT OF HER ACCOMPLICE, HELPING HER DISGUISE THE MURDER LOOKS AT HER GETTING ON WITH HER LIFE MEETING SOMEONE ELSE, HIS LIFE HAS STOOD STILL.

HE STARTS TO WOBBLE AND THREATENS TO GO TO THE POLICE THAN SHE'S BACKED INTO A CORNER.

SHE DECIDES TO TELL THIS MAN WHO IS YOU KNOW I GUESS, HER GREAT LOVE.

IT DOESN'T GO VERY WELL.

IT DOESN'T GO TO PLAN.

>> SO I WON'T SAY WHAT HAPPENS BECAUSE THERE IS A PRETTY VIOLENT TWIST AS WE WAIT TO SEE THE REST OF THE EPISODES.

YOU MENTION ROGER.

SO, ROGER IS THIS GUY WHO CAME THIS SORT OF PARTNER IN ARMS SO TO SPEAK AND IN THIS SEASON ROGERS SISTER IS INTRODUCED.

SHE BECOMES THE, OKAY I'M GOING TO PLAY, THE GREAT FIONA SHAW.

A WONDERFUL ACTRESS WHO'S ALL OVER THE PLACE.

SHE'S A QUEEN.

SHE'S INCREDIBLE.

HERE IS THE SCENE IN THE FIRST EPISODE WHERE SHE IS INTRODUCED TO ALL OF YOU SISTERS.

HERE WE GO.

>> IT'S SO GOOD TO SEE YOU.

I'M SORRY I HAVEN'T BEEN IN TOUCH.

>> UNJUST DELIGHTED TO SEE YOU.

YOU ARE LOOKING SO WELL.

>> THANKS, SO ARE YOU.

>> YOU MUST REMEMBER MY SISTERS.

>> YEAH, HI, HOW ARE YOU?

>> THIS ONE, THE BEAUTY OF THE FAMILY.

>> SHE'S A REAL EXCEPTION.

YOU INTRODUCE HER AS THE WAGON.

FOR THOSE OF US WHO DON'T LIVE IN IRELAND, WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

>> IT SORT OF MEANS THE BE ETC.

, A SPECIFIC B ETC.

SOMEONE YOU MIGHT CALL A PIECE OF WORK.

>> SHE IS REALLY --SHE INSINUATES HERSELF AN EVIL WAY TO SCRAPE AWAY AT THE TRUTH OF WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE CONFIDENCE OF VARIOUS PEOPLE WHO SHE'S WITH.

SHE REALLY IS A PIECE OF WORK.

ARE YOU CONCERNED GIVEN YOUR FOCUS ON MISOGYNY AND THINGS THAT PEOPLE HAVE TO FACE OF MAKING HER INTO THIS WOMAN?

THIS OLDER WOMAN?

>> YOU KNOW WHAT?

FOR LIKE A LITTLE WHILE BUT IT'S SO MUCH MORE COMPLEX.

THAT IS THE STORY OF WHERE WE TAKE HER.

WHERE THE WHOLE STORY GOES.

>> BUT WHAT IS SHE?

>> I THINK THAT SHE'S A WOMAN WHO IS FROM A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT GENERATION TO THE GARVEY'S.

WHO KIND OF LOOKS AT THEM, SHE DOESN'T REALLY UNDERSTAND WHY THEY HAVE THAT KIND OF FREEDOM AND HOW THEY ARE SO OPEN OR HOW THEY ARE WITH THEIR BODIES.

THAT'S NOT WHERE SHE CAME FROM.

SHE'S A NORTHERN IRISH WOMAN.

SHE'S DRIVEN BY RELIGION AND WHAT IS EXPECTED OF HER AND EXPECTED OF WOMEN AT THIS TIME.

I THINK, REALLY AT THE HEART OF IT ALL, ALL SHE WANTED WAS FRIENDSHIP BUT SHE TAKES IT TOO FAR.

SHE'S GIVEN THIS PIECE OF INFORMATION AND DRAGS IT OUT OF ROGER.

SHE SAYS TO HIM, YOU KNOW I'M IN THE GUILT INDUSTRY , MEANING THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.

I KNOW GUILT WHEN I SEE IT.

HE OPENS UP TO HER AND SHE HAS THIS OVER GRACE AND SHE ABUSES IT.

I CAN'T WAIT PEOPLE TO WATCH THE WHOLE JOURNEY.

I LOVE HER AS A VILLAIN BUT IT ISN'T BLACK AND WHITE.

>> IT CERTAINLY ISN'T.

LOOK, WE ARE LAUGHING , THOUGH IT SHOWS COMEDY CAN REALLY TELL THESE REALLY DARK FAMILY DRAMAS OUT OF ALL THE OTHER THINGS THAT HAPPEN.

THIS COLLAPSE.

I LOVE-LOVE COMEDY FOR THAT.

>> I THINK NO MATTER WHERE I GO, YOU KNOW IT'S SOURCE OF TELLING DRAMA LEANING STORIES.

YOU CAN'T ALWAYS RELY ON COMEDY.

I THINK THAT THIS IS A WAY INTO PEOPLE'S HEARTS AND MINDS AS WELL.

IT MAKES THOSE BRUTAL MOMENTS WRONG BECAUSE YOU DON'T EXPECT THEM THEN THERE'S THIS RELEASE OF A LAUGH AFTER.

I LOVE IT.

I FIND IT REALLY HARD I THINK TO WRITE SOMETHING THAT WAS HUMOR VOID.

TO ME THAT ISN'T LIFE.

WE'VE ALL GONE THROUGH REALLY DIFFICULT AND TRIVIAL TRICKY THINGS IN OUR LIFE.

YOU HAVE TO LAUGH THROUGH THEM.

>> YOU HAVE REALLY, LIKE A ROCKET, PEOPLE KNOW YOU FROM CATASTROPHE WHICH WAS ABOUT A YOUNG MARRIED COUPLE.

>> A YOUNGISH.

>> THANKS VERY MUCH.

>> EVERYTHING IS RELATIVE.

ALL THE THINGS THAT GO ON.

THEY ARE FUNNY, SAD, AND CRAZY BUT YOU CAPTURED THIS REALLY WELL.

EXTRAORDINARY ABOUT HOW MUCH YOU PRODUCE AND WRITE.

YOU'RE NOT JUST THE ACTRESS.

THAT'S A BODY OF WORK ISN'T IT?

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIPS.

>> EXAMINING LIFE IN THE VARIOUS STAGES OF LIFE.

SORT OF WASTED IN YOUR 30s AND STARTING LIFE LATE AND THEN CATASTROPHE IN MOTHERLAND WASN'T REALLY ABOUT MOTHERHOOD AS IT WAS ABOUT FINDING YOUR TRIBE, YOU KNOW AT THE SCHOOL GATES.

DIVORCE.

THE KIND OF DOCUMENTS, NOT JUST MY LIFE BUT THE LIVES OF MAINLY THE WOMEN IN MY FAMILY.

FRIENDS, THE PEOPLE I'VE SEEN AROUND ME.

IT'S A MASSIVE PRIVILEGE TO DO THIS BUT THIS ALSO FEELS LIKE A GREAT WAY TO EXPRESS YOURSELF AND FOR PEOPLE TO WATCH THAT AND FEEL LIKE YOU KNOW, A BIT MORE NORMAL.

AT THIS FEELING KIND OF THING.

>> ARE YOU OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THE STATE OF WOMANHOOD OR SISTERHOOD?

>> SISTERHOOD, YEAH.

YES.

YES I AM.

I THINK SHE WAS AN EXTRAORDINARY WOMAN TO WAIVE HER ANONYMITY.

>> HAVE YOU FOLLOWED THIS?

>> NOT AS CLOSELY AS I SHOULD HAVE.

I FIND IT INCREDIBLY UPSETTING AND DISTRESSING.

BUT I KNOW WHEN WE WERE ONSET AT THE TIME THAT THE RESPONSE WAS JUST INCREDIBLE EMPATHY AND PRIDE.

SHE CHOSE TO DEAL WITH IT.

I'VE COME FROM JUNKETS WITH THE GIRLS AND IT'S THE MOST INCREDIBLE THING BEING AROUND WOMEN.

ALMOST PREDOMINANTLY FEMALE.

YOU FEEL THE SISTERHOOD EVERY DAY AND IT'S A WONDERFUL THING.

>> CREATOR AND ACTRESS, SHARON MORGAN.

THANK YOU.

AS WE SAID IT'S STREAMING LIVE ON APPLE TV PLUS.

> >> TURNING TO A HEALTH CRISIS INTO THE UNITED STATES, A BIDEN PROPOSAL GETTING OBESITY DRUGS COVERED BY MEDICARE AND MEDICAID FINDING THREE QUARTERS OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE OVER OBESE.

A WORRYING RISE SINCE 1990.

OUR NEXT GUEST IS AN EXPERT ON THE TOPIC DOCTOR FATIMA, A PHYSICIAN AND PROFESSOR AT HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL AND IS MEDICATIONS LIKE OZEMPIC BECOMES A HOUSEHOLD NAME THE DOCTOR JOINS US TO TALK ABOUT THIS.

>> THERE'S NEWS OUT THERE THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION PROPOSING MEDICARE AND MEDICAID COVER THIS CATEGORY OF ANTI-OBESITY DRUGS.

HOW SIGNIFICANT IS THAT?

>> I THINK IT'S TREMENDOUSLY SIGNIFICANT AND I TELL YOU I SPEND A LOT OF TIME AT THE WHITE HOUSE DISCOVERING THIS ISSUE.

I'VE TAKEN SEVERAL TRIPS TO POSE THIS AS A SIGNIFICANT AREA OF COVERAGE.

THESE ISSUES HAVE DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED THE MEDICARE POPULATION AND THOSE THAT ARE OF LOWER SOCIO- ECONOMICAL POSITION AND I COULD TELL YOU THAT I'M ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT THIS SHIP TO COVER THE POPULATIONS WHICH HAVE IS PROPORTIONATELY BEEN AFFECTED BY OBESITY.

>> BEFORE WE TALK MORE ABOUT THE DRUGS I THINK THAT THE MOST PEOPLE WILL THINK OF IS THE STICKER SHOCK, THESE ARE EXPENSIVE DRUGS.

WHAT ARE THE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS IF WE WERE TO COVER THIS FOR 3 MILLION PEOPLE TO 4 MILLION PEOPLE?

>> THE COSTS UP FRONT MIGHT BE QUITE LARGE FOR THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION FOR THE GOVERNMENT ALSO.

I WANT TO THINK OF THE DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS.

OBESITY CAUSES OVER 200 COMPLICATIONS OF CARDIO METABOLIC DISEASES AND OTHER DISEASE PROCESSES FROM DIABETES TO HYPERTENSION TO HYPERLIPIDEMIA WHICH IS HIGH CHOLESTEROL, OSTEOARTHRITIS, EVERYTHING ACROSS THE BOARD .

WHAT WE KNOW IS THAT IF WE TREAT OBESITY WE COULD TREAT THESE DOWNSTREAM DISEASE PROCESSES.

WHAT I'VE GOT THE PRESSURE OF DOING AS A MEDICINE PHYSICIAN, REMOVING THE DIAGNOSIS FROM PEOPLE'S CHARTS.

I'VE HAD THE PLEASURE OF WORKING WITH PATIENTS ACROSS THE LIFESPAN.

MOST PATIENTS HAVE BEEN WITH ME FOR 10 YEARS OR MORE.

WHEN WE ARE DOING THIS WORK, WE FIND OVER THE DECADE OR SO, THEY GET HEALTHIER.

AT 70 YEARS OLD THEY ARE HEALTHIER AT 70 THAN THEY WERE AT 60.

IT'S AMAZING.

THEY ARE LIVING HEALTHIER LIVES.

THIS LAST WEEKEND I SPENT TIME WITH ONE FAMILY, THEY ARE IN THEIR 70s.

THEY ARE LIVING HEALTHIER LIVES THAN THEY DID IN THEIR 60s.

WHAT IS THE SAY OF THE POPULATION?

THIS IS THE POPULATION YOU ARE SPEAKING TO.

THEY ARE ABLE TO DO THINGS THEY WERE NOT ABLE TO DO WHEN THEY WERE IN THEIR 60s.

THIS IS THE POPULATION TARGET OF THIS ACTUAL CHANGE.

SEVERAL OF THEM ARE ON THERAPY.

THEY ARE BENEFITING FROM THIS SHIFT IN GETTING THIS FROM PRIVATE INSURANCE.

AS WE MAKE THE SHIFT, LOOKING AT MEDICARE ENROLLEES AND MEDICAID BENEFICIARIES, THIS IS THE TYPE OF SHIFT WE EXPECT TO SEE AS WE SEE THESE THINGS COMING OUT FROM THE SELECT TRIALS, SEEING THE BENEFIT OF REDUCING ADVERSE CORONARY EVENTS AND SEEING BENEFITS AND IMPROVEMENT FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA.

THAT'S WHAT WE ARE HOPING TO GET FROM COVERING THE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO GET COVERAGE SO FAR.

>> WE SHOULD POINT OUT A COUPLE OF THINGS, THIS IS A PROPOSAL BY THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION AND OBVIOUSLY THERE'S A NEW ADMINISTRATION COMING TO TOWN IN JANUARY.

THEY MAY HAVE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THIS SO IT'S UP TO THE NEXT ADMINISTRATION TO FIGURE OUT WHETHER THEY WANT TO RUN WITH THE PROPOSAL OR NOT BUT REGARDLESS OF WHO IS IN THE WHITE HOUSE YOU WOULD SUGGEST THAT THE PROPOSAL GO FORWARD?

>> ABSOLUTELY THIS IS SOMETHING I'VE SPENT A LOT OF TIME ADVOCATING FOR IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE TREATMENT REDUCE OBESITY APP THAT WAS INTRODUCED IN THE HOUSE IN 2012, THIS WOULD SEEK TO DO THIS COVERING THE MEDICARE POPULATION WITH ANTI-OBESITY POPULATIONS WE'VE SEEN THAT THE MEDICATIONS ARE COVERED FOR THE INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES, DISPROPORTIONATELY NOT COVERING THOSE THAT HAVE OBESITY, WE KNOW IT'S THE MOST PREVALENT CHRONIC DISEASE YET WE SOMEHOW DO NOT SEEM TO COVER THOSE INDIVIDUALS AND PREFERENTIALLY COVER THOSE ONLY WITH DIABETES BUT WE MUST ACKNOWLEDGE THOSE WITH DIABETES, 80% WITH TYPE II DIABETES COULD CURRENTLY HAVE OBESITY SO WE HAVE THIS PREFERENCE FOR COVERING ONE POPULATION AND NOT COVERING ANOTHER.

IT SEEMS A BIT UNFAIR.

I'D BE A STRONG ADVOCATE FOR COVERING THIS POPULATION, A POPULATION I EXCLUSIVELY TREAT IN THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE THAT I RENDERED TO PATIENTS AT THE HOSPITAL.

>> SO THIS IS THE BREAD AND BUTTER OF WHAT YOU FOCUS ON ON A DAILY BASIS AND HE WORKED WITH PATIENTS FOR SO LONG ABOUT THIS.

IS THERE SOMETHING WITH RFK JUNIOR ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL SAYING WE COULD FIX ALL THE STUFF THAT PEOPLE ATE BETTER, IS THERE SOMETHING ELSE WE SHOULD THINK ABOUT IN THE CONTEXT OF OBESITY WHETHER THIS IS ON A CHEMICAL LEVEL WITH OUR BRAIN AND HOW HER BODIES REACT EXTRA WEIGHT, WHAT ARE THE THINGS THAT MAKE THIS MORE COMPLEX THAN JUST SAYING EAT RIGHT?

>> I'M SO GLAD YOU ASKED ME.

WHAT WE DO KNOW, OBESITY IS A MULTIFACTORIAL LAPSE DISEASE WERE GENETICS, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR WILL PLAY A ROLE.

AS PART OF THE U. S. DIETARY GUIDELINES COMMITTEE.

FOOD DOES PLAY A ROLE BUT I WOULD LIKE US TO ACKNOWLEDGE WHILE IT DOES PLAY A ROLE THESE OTHER FLAK TEARS PLAY A ROLE.

LOOKING AT THE ROLE OF MEDICATIONS, MANY OF THESE MEDICATIONS THAT WE PRESCRIBE AS DOCTORS ARE WEIGHT PROMOTING AND INFLUENCE THE BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS IN THE BRAIN THAT ACTUALLY INFLUENCE WEIGHT CONTROL SO A LOT OF PEOPLE ASK ME WHAT ARE SOME OF THOSE MEDICATIONS WHICH COULD INFLUENCE WEIGHT REGULATION AND I LIKE TO SAY OFF THIS LIST WITH HIM, CYMBALTA, PROZAC PREDNISONE TO NAME THE ONES I LIKE TO SAY AT THE MOMENT BUT THESE COULD AFFECT WEIGHT REGULATION SO THOSE ARE MEDICATIONS COULD INFLUENCE WEIGHT CONTROL .

I'VE SEEN UPWARDS OF 200 POUNDS OF WEIGHT GAIN ASSOCIATED WITH MEDICATIONS THAT WE PRESCRIBE FOR OTHER CONDITIONS SO THAT'S ALSO IMPORTANT FOR US TO KNOW, TRAUMA COULD INFLUENCE STRESS, THE STORAGE OF ADIPOSE, THIS FANCY WORD THAT WE USE BUT ACTUALLY IT IS A MEDICAL OREGON.

SOME OF US STORE EXCESS OF THIS BECAUSE OF TRAUMA OR STRESS THAT WE'VE EXPERIENCED IN OUR LIFE OR GENERATIONAL TRAUMA OR STRESS.

DIFFERENT THINGS HAVE IMPLICATIONS.

IF YOU'RE A NIGHT SHIFT WORKER OR LIKE A DOCTOR, LET'S SAY YOU'VE GOT A NIGHT JOB, THIS DESTROYS THE NUCLEUS, A FANCY WORD YOU COULD LOOK UP.

THIS AFFECTS HOW WE STORE FAT.

SO THERE'S A VARIETY OF FACTORS THAT HAPPEN WITHIN OUR SOCIETY THAT INFLUENCE AT THIS TIME IN SOCIETY HAVE MORE FAT MASS THAN WE'VE HAD IN PREVIOUS TIMES WE HAVE OVER 1 BILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE THAT HAVE OBESITY.

THE UNITED STATES IS RANKED NUMBER 10 IN THE WORLD IN TERMS OF COUNTRIES WITH OBESITY SO WHILE WE AREN'T RANKED AT NUMBER ONE WE COULD RECOGNIZE THAT THIS IS AN ISSUE AFFECTING THE WORLD AND IT'S SOMETHING THAT WE MUST ACKNOWLEDGE ON A WORLDWIDE BASIS.

>> YOU HAVE ADVISED DIFFERENT DRUG COMPANIES GOP ONES, EXPLAIN HOW THEY WORK IN COMBATING OBESITY?

>> THESE MEDICATIONS WORK IN THE BRAIN .

AS YOU HAVE ALLUDED TO.

WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE THAT WE ARE STORING EXCESS FAT IT'S ACTUALLY A DISEASE OF THE BRAIN SO THERE'S THE HYPOTHALAMUS, IT GOVERNS HOW MUCH FAT MASS WE STORE.

THESE MEDICATIONS UP REGULATE APART OF THE BRAIN TO EAT LESS AND STORE LESS, A LOT OF THE PATIENTS ACTUALLY RECEIVE SIGNALS THAT TELL THEM THEY ARE HUNGRY AND NEVER RECOGNIZE A LOT OF THE BRAIN WAS FOCUSED SO MUCH ABOUT THINKING ABOUT WHAT IS THE NEXT MEAL, WHAT'S THE NEXT SNACK?

THEY AREN'T REALLY THINKING ABOUT THIS.

I DON'T USE THIS TERM BUT A LOT OF THEM WILL REFER TO THIS AS FOOD NOISE.

IT'S SOMETHING YOU'LL HEAR A LOT WITHIN THIS KIND OF THINKING OF HOW PEOPLE WOULD RECOGNIZE THEIR INFLUENCE OF BEING ON THESE MEDICATIONS.

THIS IDEA OF FOOD NOISE THAT SEEMS TO BE THE VOLUME IS TURNED DOWN WHILE THEY ARE ON THE MEDICATIONS.

SO WHEN THEY ARE ON THE MEDICATIONS IT'S INFLUENCING THAT .

I WILL TELL YOU THAT GLP- 1, YOU AND MYSELF HAVE GLP-1 INSIDE OF US.

THOSE OF US THAT HAPPEN TO HAVE IT LATER HAVE MORE GLP-1 ON BASE SO WHEN WE ADMINISTER THIS TO YOU, WE ARE GIVING YOU MORE OF WHAT YOUR BODY NATURALLY MAKES.

FOR THOSE OF US THAT DO NOT HAVE AS MUCH INHERENTLY INSIDE OF US, WE ARE GIVING YOU MORE OF WHAT YOUR BODY SHOULD MAKE AT BASELINE SO THAT'S AN IMPORTANT PIECE OF THE PUZZLE ALSO.

>> I ALSO HEARD THAT AS PEOPLE GAIN WEIGHT , SOMETIMES THERE BRAIN ALMOST RESETS TO A NEW NORM AND THEN WHEN THEY GO ON A DIET OR THEY EXERCISE AND LOSE A BUNCH OF WEIGHT IT'S LIKE THE BRAIN IS SOMEHOW GIVING THEM SIGNALS TO PUT THE WEIGHT ON EVEN THOUGH IT MIGHT NOT BE HEALTHY FOR THEM.

IS THIS TRUE?

>> IT'S ABSOLUTELY THE TRUTH.

IT'S THE IDEA OF SETPOINT.

THE BRAIN WANTS TO DEFEND ITS NEWEST SETPOINT.

IT'S THE SETPOINT THEORY THAT'S BEEN OUT AND ABOUT FOR OVER 75 YEARS.

WITH THE BODY DOES, IT RECOGNIZES THE BRAIN.

THE BRAIN IS VERY SMART.

IT WANTS TO DEFEND FAT MASS AND THINGS WHEN YOU GET TO A CERTAIN FAT MASS NEEDS TO DO WHAT IT CAN TO BRING YOU BACK TO THAT SETPOINT.

THE KEY HUNGER HORMONE CALLED GRELL AND IT WANTS TO BRING YOU BACK.

GHRELIN.

YOU'LL NOTICE THAT YOUR HUNGRY SAY I DON'T WANT TO BE HUNGRY BUT IT WILL BRING YOU BACK TO THAT SETPOINT PRIOR TO.

SO WHEN YOU GO ON A DIET, YOU LOSE WEIGHT AND THEN YOU GAIN WEIGHT BACK TO A HIGHER POINT THAN WHERE YOU WERE PRIOR TO WHATEVER DIETARY INTERVENTION.

THIS IS WHY WHEN WE GO TO THE NEW YEAR PEOPLE SAY HEY I'M GOING TO GO ON XYZ DIET AND LOSE WEIGHT THAN THEY RECOGNIZE WEIGHT A BIT I'M HIGHER THAN I WAS TO THAT PRIOR DIETARY INTERVENTION OR LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION WITH EXERCISE PLANS BECAUSE THE BODY IS GOING TO MAKE DIFFERENT MECHANISMS HAPPEN IN ORDER TO BRING YOU BACK TO APPOINT A BIT ABOVE IT AND IT WANTS TO DEFEND WHATEVER IT CAN.

THE MASS OF WHAT IT FINDS TO BE NORMAL FOR YOU DESPITE WHAT YOU MIGHT THINK IS NORMAL.

>> THIS MONTH THE STUDY WAS OUT IN THE LANCET MEDICAL JOURNAL AND FOUND NEARLY 3/4 OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE OVERWEIGHT OR HAVE OBESITY.

ARE YOU SURPRISED BY THAT?

>> NOT AT ALL.

WE'VE FOLLOWED THESE TRENDS FOR YEARS .

WE'VE SEEN THE GRADUAL RISE IN WEIGHT AND OBESITY WITHIN THE AMERICAN POPULATION.

WHAT WE FOUND IS WE'VE BEEN USING THE SAME STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE OBESITY WHICH IS ONLY ADDRESSING THE FOOD PORTION OF THIS.

LOOKING AT THE FOOD QUALITY, LOOKING AT DIETARY STRATEGIES AND MAY BE ADDRESSING THIS BY LOOKING AT EXERCISE MODIFICATIONS.

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF INSANITY, TRYING THE SAME THING AND HOPING FOR DIFFERENT RESULTS TO OCCUR.

WE FOUND THE STRATEGIES ARE INEFFECTIVE AND ALONE IN ADDRESSING THE PANDEMIC WHICH IS HERE IN THE UNITED STATES AND FRANKLY AROUND THE WORLD SO THE RISE IN OBESITY THAT'S HAPPENED OVER TIME, IT'S BY NO MEANS SURPRISING TO ANY OF US WHO'VE BEEN DOING THIS WORK FOR DECADES.

>> FINDING THAT THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY ROSE OVER THE LAST THREE DECADES IN ADULT MALES AND FEMALES I WONDER, WHAT IS BEHIND THE RAPID INCREASE?

ARE THERE SUBPOPULATIONS THAT IF WE OVERLAY SOCIOECONOMIC DATA, IS THIS MORE LIKELY TO HAVE BEEN IN THE STATES THAT ARE HAVING GREATER AMOUNTS OF POVERTY OR LESS ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE OR FOOD DESERTS?

ONE OF THE OTHER THINGS THAT THE OVERALL PICTURE DOESN'T POINT OUT TO US?

>> IF WE DRILL IN AND LOOK A LITTLE BIT AT THE FINER TOOTH COMB, IT'S MORE PREVALENT.

MORE PREVALENT IN THE SOUTHEAST.

LOOKING IN THE MIDWEST WE SEE THIS.

IN THE NORTH WE SEE THINGS BEING A LITTLE LESS PREVALENT.

HIGHER PREVALENCE IN VARIOUS POPULATIONS.

THIS IS COMING OUT OF SOME OF THE FINER TOOTH INFORMATION COMING OUT OF THE CDC.

WE ALSO SEE THIS IN LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC POSITIONS.

WE KIND OF LOOK AT THIS IF WE ARE LOOKING AT LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION ACCESS, IT DEFINITELY PLAYS A ROLE.

YOU KNOW, THIS ISN'T OF ANY SURPRISE TO US.

IT'S GERMANE TO SOME OF THE PROBLEMS THAT WE BELIEVE ARE BEHIND THIS RAPID RISE IN OVERWEIGHT OBESITY IN BOTH POPULATIONS, REGARDLESS OF GENDER.

THIS IS SOMETHING WE ARE PAYING CLOSE ATTENTION TO.

IT'S SOMETHING THAT WE EXPECTED AND IF WE LOOK AT THE REST OF THE COUNTRY YOU COULD SEE IT'S AFFECTING EVERYONE AND DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTING CERTAIN POPULATIONS.

>> ONE OF THE THINGS THE STUDY POINTS OUT WAS THAT IF WE DON'T TAKE ANY ACTION THAT BY 2050, THE PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ADULTS WILL EXCEED BY 80% NATIONWIDE.

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE LONGER- TERM IMPLICATIONS OF HOW SOCIETY FUNCTIONS AND WHAT KIND OF POLICIES WE NEED TO BE RETHINKING?

I GUESS THAT SORT OF A DOWNSIDE BUT ON A POSITIVE NOTE WHAT ARE THINGS WORKING THAT WE COULD DO NOW TO PREVENT THIS?

>> ONE OF THE KEY THINGS I THINK WE ARE DOING THAT WE NEED TO BE THOUGHTFUL IF WE NEED TO ADDRESS PARENTS PRIOR TO CONCEPTION.

WHAT DO I MEAN BY THIS?

IF WE ADDRESS PARENTS AND THEIR HEALTH AND HEALTH STATUS PRIOR TO CONCEIVING, WE HAVE THE BEST LIKELIHOOD OF ADDRESSING THE NEXT GENERATION SO IT'S SHOWING IF PARENTS ARE IN THEIR OPTIMAL HEALTH PRIOR TO CONCEIVING CHILDREN THEY HAVE THE BEST APPLICATIONS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION TO COME.

MATERNAL AND PATERNAL OBESITY INCREASES THE LIKELIHOOD OF A CHILD HAVING OBESITY THEMSELVES SO ARE WE ARE BEHIND THE EIGHT BALL AT THAT POINT.

THAT'S THE BEST LIKELIHOOD OR THE THOUGHT PROCESS BUT WE AREN'T THINKING OF THAT.

I THINK THAT'S THE BEST FORWARD THINKING.

IT'S A STRATEGY WE NEED TO BE THOUGHTFUL ABOUT WHICH WOULD START PRIOR TO CONCEPTION SO WE NEED TO BE THOUGHTFUL OF IT IN THIS WAY.

THE THINGS WE ARE THINKING OF IS TREATING OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY TALKING ABOUT 75% OF THE POPULATION.

BEGINNING TO TREAT THE DISEASE THAT'S ACTUALLY HERE IN THE POPULATION WITHIN THE PEDIATRIC AND ADULT POPULATION.

FOCUSING ON THE ADULT POPULATION I CAN TELL YOU WE NEED TO BE TREATING THIS ACROSS THE AGE COURSE AND BE THOUGHTFUL ABOUT THIS AND THINK OF HOW TO ADDRESS THIS FROM LIFESTYLE FACTORS USING PHARMACOTHERAPY AND METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY WHICH HAS HAD A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE OF THE LAST YEAR.

THE 25% DECLINE IN THE USE OF BARIATRIC SURGERY OVER THE LAST YEAR BUT WE HAVE HAD A RISE IN SEVERE OBESITY WHICH IS SOMETHING WE NEED TO BE THOUGHTFUL ABOUT.

WE ALSO NEED TO THINK ON POLICY WHICH IS HOW WE START THE CONVERSATION.

HOW DO WE THINK OF LARGE-SCALE POLICIES OR GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES INTERSECTED WITH THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR AND THINKING OF HOW DO WE ADDRESS THINGS WITH THE COST OF ACCESS NOT JUST PHARMACOTHERAPY BUT THINKING, WHAT ARE WE DOING IN OUR SCHOOLS AND HOW ARE WE THINKING ABOUT FOOD AND THINKING OF THE QUALITY OF FOODS?

WE NEED TO REDUCE ULTRA PROCESSED FOODS.

WE DO KNOW THAT'S PART OF THE PROBLEM.

WE DO NEED TO MAKE REDUCTION IN THAT TO MAKE SURE OVERALL OUR SOCIETY IS HEALTHIER BUT WE HAVE TO ADDRESS THOSE ISSUES THAT WE KNOW ARE GERMANE TO INCREASING THESE OBESITY RATES OVER TIME SO THIS WILL NEED TO BE A MULTIPRONGED APPROACH TO GET THIS DECISION.

IT'S NOT GOING TO BE JUST GOVERNMENT, IT'S GOING TO TAKE ALL PARTS OF THE EVENT, THERE'S NO WAY ONE SECTOR COULD ADDRESS THIS ALONE.

>> DOCTOR FATIMA, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

IT'S BEEN A DELIGHT BEING HERE.

>> THAT'S IT FOR OUR PROGRAM TONIGHT.

IF YOU LIKE TO FIND OUT WHAT'S COMING UP EVERY NIGHT, SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER.

PBS.

ORG/AMANPOUR.

THANK YOU AND GOODBYE FROM LONDON.