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> HELLO, EVERYONE AND WELCOME.
HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP.
I DON'T CARE IF YOU THINK I'M SATAN REINCARNATED.
THE FACT IS YOU CAN'T LOOK AT THAT TELEVISION AND SAY NOTHING HAPPENED ON THE 6th.
EFFORTS TO INVESTIGATE THE CAPITOL INSURRECTION IGNITE A NEW UPROAR.
WHAT DOES IT CONVEY TO THE WORLD ABOUT AMERICAN STYLE DEMOCRACY?
> THEN --
EPSTEIN IS JUST A SYMPTOM OF A LARGER PROBLEM WE HAVE HERE WITH OUR CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM.
PERVERSION OF JUSTICE.
AUTHOR AND JOURNALIST JULIE BROWN TALKS ABOUT HER HARD HITTING REPORTING THAT EXPOSED JEFFREY EPSTEIN AND THE PEOPLE WHO ENABLED HIM.
PLUS --
HE DEMONSTRATED THE BEST RESPONSE TO HATRED IS LOVE.
A DECADE AFTER THE DEADLY TERROR ATTACK THAT SHOCKED NORWAY AND THE WORLD.
FORMER PRIME MINISTER EXPLAINS WHY HE NEVER WANTS TO FORGET THAT DARK DAY.
AND --
IT'S JUST AWE INSPIRING HOW EFFECTIVELY BLACK AND BROWN PEOPLE HAVE BEEN LEFT OUT OF THIS ENTIRE STRUCTURE.
SHE WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMAN TO RUN A FORTUNE 500 COMPANY.
SHE GIVES PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE INCLUSION IN BUSINESS AND BEYOND.
> 'AMANPOUR & COMPANY' IS MADE POSSIBLE BY -- SUE AND EDGAR WACHENHEIM III.
CANDACE KING WEIR.
THE CHERYL AND PHILIP MILSTEINF.
THE ANDERSON FAMILY FUND.
THE STRAUS FAMILY FOUNDATION.
JIM ATWOOD AND LESLIE WILLIAMS.
BERNARD AND DENISE SCHWARTZ.
DIFFERENCES IN OUR COMMUNITIES.
ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY THESE FUNDERS AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.
THANK YOU.
EVERYONE.ME TO THE PROGRAM, I'M SITTING IN FOR CHRISTIANEAMT WEEK.
WILL THE UNITED STATES EVER GET IT TOGETHER?
THAT'S WHAT PRESIDENT BIDEN SAYS HE'S OFTEN ASKED BY OTHER WORLD LEADERS.
CAPITOL HILL, IT WON'T SOOTHEAN.
INSURRECTION.E JANUARY 6th REPUBLICANS ARE BOYCOTTING A BIPARTISAN INVESTIGATION AFTER HOUSE SPEAKER NANCY PELOSI REJECTED TWO OF THEIR PICKS FOR.
THE HOUSE SPEAKER SAYS THEY WOULD UNDERMINE ITS INTEGRITY.
IT'S MY RESPONSIBILITY AS SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE TO MAKE SURE WE GET TO THE TRUTH ON THIS AND WE WILL NOT LET THEIR ANTICS STAND IN THE WAY OF THAT.
FIVE PEOPLE DIED AND YOU WOULD HOPE THAT OUR LEADERS WOULD PUT COUNTRY OVER PARTY, BUT INSTEAD, THE PROCESS HAS BECOME YET ANOTHER CASUALTY OF WASHINGTON GAMESMANSHIP AND THE WORLD, WELL, IT'S WATCHING.
WHEN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LEADERS WERE CONFRONTED ABOUT BEHAVIOR,E INSURRECTION.
CLAIMING AMERICAN HYPOCRISY.S TT DEMOCRACY AND AMERICA'S ABILITY TO EXPORT IT AROUND THE WORLD?
HERE TO DISCUSS ARE STAFF WRITER FOR 'THE ATLANTIC' AND A MEMBER OF THE BIPARTISAN 9/11 COMMISSION.
WELCOME BOTH OF YOU.
ANN, LET'S BEGIN WITH YOU.
PERHAPS I'M A BIT JADED AT THIS POINT.
BUT WHEN I HEARD THE PRESIDENT LAST NIGHT SAY THAT NO MATTER WHAT PEOPLE THINK OF HIM, WHEN THEY SEE THE VIDEO, THEY CAN'T OPPOSE WHAT IS THERE IN FRONT OF THEM, THE VISUALS.
THEY CAN'T DENY THAT.
AND YET IF ANYBODY HAD BEEN FOLLOWING ALL OF YOUR WORK OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS, THIS COMES AS NO SURPRISE.
PEOPLE CAN DENY THAT.
YES, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE'VE LEARNED OVER THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS IS THAT THE POWER OF REPETITIVE DISINFORMATION, IN OTHER WORDS, THINGS THAT PEOPLE SEE OVER AND OVER AGAIN, SLOGANS, MEMES, STORIES, ALTERED VIDEO, THAT THAT IS ACTUALLY MORE POWERFUL NOW THAN MANY REAL LIFE EXPERIENCES.
WE SEE IT DURING THE PANDEMIC, NOT JUST IN THE UNITED STATES, BUT IN MANY COUNTRIES, THAT THE EFFECT OF ONLINE DISINFORMATION ABOUT VACCINES IS STRONGER THAN REAL LIFE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM PEOPLE THAT -- FROM TRUSTED SOURCES, FROM FAMILY DOCTORS, FROM PHYSICIANS, FROM LOCAL HOSPITALS.
AND SO THE POWER OF ONLINE PROPAGANDA IS NOW SOMETHING THAT I THINK WE'RE JUST BEGINNING TO.
YOU MENTIONED AT THE BEGINNING THINK CHINA AND RUSSIA,ND I PARTICULARLY RUSSIA, UNDERSTOODE UNITED STATES IS BEGINNING TO LEARN HOW TO DEAL WITH THAT.
IT'S A VERY SHARP LEARNING CURVE.
AND IT'S SOMETHING THAT PRESIDENT TRUMP VERY SUCCESSFULLY PROMOTED THROUGHOUT IT. PRESIDENCY AND EVEN AFTER SORT OF DON'T BELIEVE WHAT YOUSI TELL YOU.
RICHARD, THIS BIPARTISAN -- OR THIS PARTISAN BRAWL IS TAKING PLACE BEFORE THE COMMITTEE HAS EVEN BEGUN ITS WORK.
I'M CURIOUS TO GET YOUR PERSPECTIVE GIVEN YOUR BACKGROUND.
YOU HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN THE WATERGATE INVESTIGATION, YOU WERE A SPECIAL PROSECUTOR THERE.
YOU WERE A MEMBER OF THE 9/11 COMMISSION.
HOW IMPORTANT IS AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE JANUARY 6th INSURRECTION RIGHT NOW, A BIPARTISAN INVESTIGATION?
I THINK IT'S CRITICAL THAT AMERICA TAKES NOTE OF WHAT HAPPENED, WHAT THE MOTIVATIONS OF THESE INSURRECTIONISTS WERE, WHICH IT APPEARS TO ME TO BE TO DISRUPT THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS THAT IS AT THE VERY HEART OF OUR DEMOCRACY, THAT IS THE TRANSFER OF POWER FROM ONE ADMINISTRATION TO ANOTHER WITHOUT ARMS, BUT PEACEFULLY.
AND THAT HAS SHOWN TO BE A HALLMARK OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY, AND HAS MADE US A LIGHTHOUSE AMONG NATIONS FOR DEMOCRACY.
SO TO HAVE A BIPARTISAN INVESTIGATION, AS WE DID WITH 9/11, WHERE WE DEALT WITH A HORRENDOUS ACT WHICH COULD HAVE BEEN POLITICIZED, BUT INSTEAD THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION WERE ABLE TO PUT ASIDE WHATEVER POLITICAL AND PARTISAN IMPULSES THEY HAD IN FAVOR OF DOING THE WORK OF THE PEOPLE, AND TO CONDUCT A FULL AND FAIR INVESTIGATION.
AND THEN BASED ON WHAT WE FOUND, THE FACTS, MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS, AND THOSE RECOMMENDATIONS WERE OVERWHELMINGLY ACCEPTED BY CONGRESS AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, AS WAS OUR FINAL REPORT.
WE HAVE A SITUATION NOW THAT IS EXACTLY THE OPPOSITE, WHERE INSTEAD OF PUTTING ASIDE POLITICAL PROCLIVITIES, THE INDIVIDUALS ARE ACTING TO DISRUPT THE INVESTIGATION, AND THAT IS SO, SO UNFORTUNATE.
ANNE, HAVE YOU SEEN ANY WORK?AY FOR THIS TO BE ABLE TO DID NANCY PELOSI HAVE OTHER OPTIONS BEFORE DISMISSING THESE TWO MEMBERS?
OBVIOUSLY THEY HAD BEEN PROMOTING DONALD TRUMP'S BIG LIE AND HAD BEEN SUPPORTING HIS ARGUMENT THAT HE, IN FACT, DID WIN THE ELECTION, IF IT HAD BEEN CONDUCTED FAIRLY.
DO YOU THINK THERE'S A CHANCE THAT THIS COULD BE REMEDIED AND THAT WE COULD GET SOME BIPARTISAN INVESTIGATION GOING ON INTO THE INSURRECTION?
SO I DON'T THINK YOU CAN HAVE AN INVESTIGATION INTO AN INSURRECTION, TWO OF WHOSE MEMBERS ARE ACTUALLY SUPPORTERS OF THAT INSURRECTION.
AND PELOSI'S DECISION, REMEMBER, WAS TO BAN JUST TWO REPUBLICANS OUT OF FIVE.
THERE WERE OTHERS WHO SHE ACCEPTED.
ONE OF THEM WAS IN THE LAST 4 HOURS BEFORE SHE MADE THE DECISION SO I THINK SHE HAD NO CHOICE BUT TO DO WHAT SHE DID.
I THINK YOU CAN HAVE A FORM OF BIPARTISAN NOW IN CONGRESS.
REMEMBER THAT LIZ CHENEY, WHO IS A FORMER CONGRESSIONAL LEADER UNTIL SHE WAS THROWN OUT OF THAT JOB FOR --
STATING THE TRUTH?
-- FOR REFUSING TO SUPPORT DONALD TRUMP, THAT SHE WILL BE ON THE COMMISSION.
SHE IS VERY MUCH A REPUBLICAN.
SHE COMES FROM A LONG REPUBLICAN, TRADITIONAL REPUBLICAN FAMILY.
SO YOU CAN HAVE BIPARTISAN.
BUT OF COURSE YOU CAN'T HAVE -- YOU CAN'T HAVE SYMPATHIZERS WITH THE REVOLT ON THE COMMISSION.
SO I THINK SHE'S DONE THE RIGHT THING AND IT WILL JUST BE A QUESTION OF HOW MANY REPUBLICANS SHE CAN GET TO DEFY THE HOUSE LEADERSHIP AND TO JOIN HER.
AND I'M HOPING THAT SHE WILL BE ABLE TO DO THAT.
YEAH, CNN, IN FACT, IS REPORTING THAT SHE IS LIKELY TO REACH OUT TO ADAM KINZINGER AS WELL TO ADD ANOTHER REPUBLICAN, OBVIOUSLY THERE SHOULD BE MANY MORE WHO WOULD BE WILLING TO COME ON TO JUST TELL THE TRUTH.
BUT HAVING A FEW MORE, NO DOUBT, WOULD MAKE THIS MORE BIPARTISAN.
I WANT TO TOUCH ON THE GLOBAL RAMIFICATIONS HERE, BECAUSE PRESIDENT BIDEN PICKED UP ON THAT AS WELL, AND THE CONCERNS THAT HE IS STILL FLAGGED ABOUT FROM COLLEAGUES AND LEADERS AROUND THE WORLD.
TAKE A LISTEN.
THE REST OF THE WORLD IS WONDERING ABOUT US.
THOSE OF YOU WHO TRAVEL ABROAD, NOT A JOKE, NOT A JOKE.
YOU ASK -- YOU KNOW, WHEN I WENT TO THIS G7, ALL THE MAJOR DEMOCRACIES, I WALKED IN AND I KNOW A LOT OF THEM BECAUSE OF MY ROLE IN THE PAST.
AND I WALKED IN AND I SAID AMERICA'S BACK, AND THEY GO -- I'M SERIOUS, HEADS OF STATE, I GIVE YOU MY WORD AS A BIDEN, THEY SAID, ARE YOU REALLY BACK?
I MEAN, HOW CAN WE BELIEVE YOU, JOE?
WILL THE COUNTRY EVER GET IT TOGETHER?
RICHARD, THE FIRST THING I THOUGHT OF WHEN I HEARD HIM SAY THAT, IS, A, I DO BELIEVE HIM AFTER WHAT'S TRANSPIRED OVER THE LAST FIVE YEARS IN THE UNITED STATES.
BUT AFTER 9/11, GIVEN YOUR PARTICIPATION IN THE 9/11 COMMISSION, HOW MUCH OF AN IMPACT DID THAT HAVE FOR OUR ALLIES AROUND THE WORLD TO SEE AMERICA COME TOGETHER DURING A CRISIS LIKE THAT AND HOW MUCH OF A HOLE DOES IT LEAVE NOW IF WE CAN'T DO THE SAME FOLLOWING THE CRISIS ON JANUARY 6th?
I DON'T THINK IT CAN BE OVERESTIMATED.
WE DEMONSTRATED OUR RESILIENCY, WE DEMONSTRATED THE STRENGTH OF OUR DEMOCRACY, AND THE FACT THAT ALTHOUGH WE ARE A COUNTRY OF MANY DIFFERENT POLITICAL PERSUASIONS, LEFT AND RIGHT, WE ARE ALL AMERICANS.
THIS INSURRECTION ON JANUARY 6th IS UNPRECEDENTED IN MODERN TIMES.
WE'VE NEVER SEEN ANYTHING LIKE IT IN THE UNITED STATES.
AS ANNE AND YOU HAVE ALLUDED, WE HAVE SEEN HOW AUTHORITARIANS UTILIZE THE BIG LIE AND HAVE DONE SO, CERTAINLY, DURING THE FASCIST AND COMMUNIST PERIODS OF TIME IN THE '30s AND '40s, WHERE THE REPETITION OF A FALSE STATEMENT BECAME THE MANTRA AND WHERE THE NOTION OF THE BIG LIE CAME FROM.
THIS IS NOT NEW.
IT IS IDENTIFIABLE AND IT IS VERY SCARY TO THOSE WHO HAVE THE MEMORY AND THE INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND TO COMPREHEND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE DEMOCRACY.
DEMOCRACIES DON'T SURVIVE SIMPLY OUT OF THE GOODNESS OF THE CONCEPT.
THEY REQUIRE THE ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE POPULUS TO PROTECT AND DEFEND THE DEMOCRACY, AND THAT'S WHAT'S LACKING RIGHT NOW.
INSTEAD OF TAKING ACTION TO CONDEMN THOSE WHO WOULD HAVE THWARTED OUR CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS, PEOPLE ARE LOOKING FOR SHELTER FOR THEIR OWN POLITICAL SAFETY.
IT APPEARS THAT POLITICAL INTENTIONS ARE TRUMPING IN EVERY WAY THE CONSOLIDATION OF SPIRIT OF AMERICANS WHERE WE HAVE FACED CRISES BEFORE, WHERE WE HAVE PUT ASIDE THOSE KINDS OF PAROCHIAL INTERESTS IN FAVOR OF THE COUNTRY AS A WHOLE.
HERE IT IS NOT TAKING HOLD, EXCEPT WITH EXAMPLES AS WE'VE SEEN INDIVIDUALS WHO MAKE A DIFFERENCE, BUT IT IS NOT THE MAJORITY.
AND THE MAJORITY OF THE LEADERSHIP OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY RIGHT NOW IS SEEKING SHELTER FROM ACCOUNTABILITY FOR WHAT HAPPENED.
WAY.THAT IS NOT THE AMERICAN
YEAH, AND IT'S BEYOND DISINGENUOUS WHEN KEVIN McCARTHY IS NOW SEEKING TO BOYCOTT AND TURN THE TABLES AND BLAME DEMOCRATS FOR EXCLUDING REPUBLICANS, WHEN HE HAD AN OPPORTUNITY FROM THE GET-GO TO FORM A BIPARTISAN COMMISSION WITH NANCY PELOSI AND CHOSE TO DO OTHERWISE.
SO WHERE ARE YOU ON WHAT COMES NEXT?
HOW DOES CONGRESS MOVE FORWARD?
BECAUSE THERE ARE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, MANY DEMOCRATS, WHO WONDER WHETHER THEY CAN WORK ON OTHER LEGISLATION MOVING FORWARD WITH THEIR REPUBLICAN COLLEAGUES FOR THOSE WHO ARE STILL DENYING WHAT HAPPENED ON JANUARY 6th.
AND THEN THERE ARE OTHERS WHO SAY, WE HAVE TO FOCUS ON OTHER ISSUES AS WELL, SO WE WILL MEET HALFWAY ON AREAS WHERE WE CAN AGREE.
WHERE DO YOU STAND?
WHAT IS THE HEALTHIEST FORM OF DEMOCRACY MOVING FORWARD, GIVEN THE BIG ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM HERE?
THE HEALTHIEST FORM OF DEMOCRACY WOULD BE IF THE PRO-DEMOCRACY PART OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY WINS THE ARGUMENT.
I VERY MUCH HOPE THAT LIZ CHENEY AND ADAM KINZINGER AND OTHERS WILL BEGIN TO PERSUADE OTHER MEMBERS OF THEIR PARTY, THEIR VOTERS, THEIR BASE, THEIR DONORS, THAT THEIR WAY IS THE WAY FORWARD.
AS I REPEAT AGAIN, THIS IS GOING TO BE A BIPARTISAN COMMISSION AND IT'S VERY INTERESTING THAT THE HOUSE LEADERSHIP NO LONGER SEEMS TO RECOGNIZE CHENEY AND KINZINGER AS REPUBLICANS, EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE ELECTED REPUBLICANS, SIMPLY BECAUSE THEY DON'T SUPPORT THE TRUMP IST LINE.
SO WE NEED TO HOPE FOR THAT KIND OF MOOD, THAT KIND OF MOVEMENT INSIDE THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
UNFORTUNATELY, THE WAY OUR POLITICAL SYSTEM IS SET UP, THERE IS NO ALTERNATIVE TO COMPROMISE.
THERE ARE NO -- IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO PASS ANYTHING WITHOUT A HUGE MAJORITY IN BOTH HOUSES IN ORDER TO MAKE LEGISLATION HAPPEN.
LEGISLATION IS GOING TO BE VERY DIFFICULT OVER THE NEXT YEAR.
SECONDLY, IT'S MY HOPE THAT THE DEMOCRATS DO WHAT THEY DO, BUT ALSO THAT THEY LOOK VERY SERIOUSLY AND THEY TAKE VERY SERIOUSLY THE CHALLENGE OF VOTING RIGHTS LEGISLATION, WHICH AS YOU KNOW, IS ALSO ON THE TABLE.
I AM WORRIED THAT SOME IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY DON'T REALIZE WHAT A CRUCIAL MOMENT THIS IS AND HOW MUCH COULD BE LOST IF WE DON'T WRITE SOME DEMOCRATIC GUARANTEES INTO OUR LEGAL SYSTEM.
IN THE MOMENTUM THAT MANY REPUBLICANS FEEL THEY HAVE GOING INTO THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS, AND I HAVE TO SAY, EVEN IF THERE ARE TWO REPUBLICANS TECHNICALLY BEING BIPARTISAN, THAT DOESN'T SEEM TO BE ENOUGH TO DISSUADE SO MANY AMERICANS WHO DON'T WANT TO JUST FOCUS ON THE FACTS ALONE.
ANNE APPLEBAUM, RICHARD, WE APPRECIATE YOU JOINING US.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
> WELL IT ISN'T EASY SPEAKING TRUTH TO POWER, ESPECIALLY WHILE TRYING TO HANG ON TO YOUR JOB AND MAINTAIN YOUR SAFETY.
THAT'S JUST WHAT JULIE BROWN DID IN A SERIES OF EXPLOSIVE ARTICLES FOR THE 'MIAMI HERALD,' SHE REVEALED HOW INFLUENTIAL MONEY MANAGER JEFFREY EPSTEIN WAS ABLE TO SEXUALLY ABUSE GIRLS AND WOMEN FOR YEARS AND LARGELY ESCAPE ACCOUNTABILITY.
SHE DETAILS IT ALL IN HER NEW BOOK 'PERVERSION OF JUSTICE' AND JOINS ME NOW FROM MIAMI.
JULIE, WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM.
CONGRATULATIONS ON THE BOOK.
ALL OF YOUR HARD WORK HAS REALLY COME FRONT AND CENTER HERE, BECAUSE IT'S NOT AN OVERSTATEMENT THAT WE WOULDN'T BE WHERE WE ARE IN THE INVESTIGATION IN THE JUSTICE FOR SO MANY WOMEN WHO WERE ABUSED AS YOUNG GIRLS WITHOUT YOUR REPORTING.
MANHATTAN ATTORNEY JEFFREY BURMAN FAMOUSLY SAID SOME FAMOUS INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM HELPED BUILD THE CASE AGAINST EPSTEIN, OBVIOUSLY REFERRING TO YOU.
WHEN DID YOU FIRST REALIZE THAT YOU NEEDED TO DIG DEEPER INTO HIS PLEA DEAL BACK IN 2008?
WELL, I REALIZED IT IN, I GUESS IT WAS LATE 2016, I WAS RESEARCHING FOR A NEW PROJECT AND I WAS THINKING ABOUT DOING SOMETHING ABOUT SEX TRAFFICKING IN FLORIDA, KNOWING THAT IT IS AN ISSUE HERE IN THIS STATE.
AND EVERY TIME I GOOGLED SEX TRAFFICKING IN FLORIDA, I SAW ANOTHER ARTICLE ABOUT JEFFREY EPSTEIN, AND EACH ARTICLE THAT I READ JUST MADE ME MORE CURIOUS THAN THE LAST, BECAUSE NONE OF THEM REALLY EXPLAINED HOW SOMEONE WHO HAD COMMITTED SUCH A SERIOUS CRIME HAD BEEN ABLE TO GET AWAY WITH SUCH A LENIENT SENTENCE.
WHICH WAS WHEN YOU REALLY HONED IN ON THE PROSECUTOR AT THE TIME, AND THEN THE APPOINTED SECRETARY OF LABOR, ALEXANDER ACOSTA, RIGHT?
YOU EXPECTED, AND THIS IS IN THE EARLY DAYS OF THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, YOU EXPECTED THAT DURING HIS QUESTIONING, RIGHT, THAT THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN BROUGHT UP, AND IT WASN'T.
RIGHT.
IT WAS CLEAR FROM THE LITTLE BIT OF QUESTIONING THAT HE GOT ABOUT THE CASE THAT THE SENATORS THAT WERE REVIEWING IT DIDN'T REALLY UNDERSTAND THE SCOPE OF WHAT HAD HAPPENED.
AND AT THAT MOMENT, I JUST THOUGHT OF THE VICTIMS WHO, BY THIS TIME, WERE NOW GROWN WOMEN, IN THEIR LATE 20s, EARLY 30s, AND I THOUGHT, I WONDER WHAT THEY THINK ABOUT THIS, YOU KNOW, FORMER PROSECUTOR WHO LET THEIR -- ESSENTIALLY LET THEIR PREDATOR OFF THE HOOK, NOW HAVING OVERSIGHT OF THIS AGENCY THAT BASICALLY HANDLES CHILD LABOR LAWS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING.
AND WHEN YOU TRIED TO SEEK THESE WOMEN OUT, YOU KNOW, HAVING THEM COME FORWARD AFTER THEY SAW THEIR ABUSER SERVING ONLY 13 MONTHS IN JAIL.
HE WAS ALLOWED TO WORK SIX DAYS A WEEK, 12 HOURS A DAY.
HE HAD ACCESS TO A COMPUTER, A TELEVISION.
WHAT WAS IT THAT YOU WERE ABLE TO DO, TO CONVINCE THESE WOMEN TO COME FORWARD WITH THEIR STORIES?
WELL, FOR ONE THING, KEEP IN MIND THAT ONE OF THE VICTIMS I WAS ABLE TO INTERVIEW WAS IN PRISON AT THE TIME THAT I DID MY FIRST INTERVIEW WITH HER.
SHE WAS SERVING A THREE-YEAR SENTENCE ON A DRUG CHARGE.
NOW, THINK ABOUT THAT, JEFFREY EPSTEIN, WHO MOLESTED, WE KNOW NOW, HUNDREDS OF GIRLS, GOT A 13-MONTH JAIL SENTENCE, AND HERE WE HAVE THIS WOMAN, COURTNEY WILD, WHO WAS IN PRISON FOR THREE YEARS ON A DRUG CHARGE, SERVING MORE TIME THAN HER PREDATOR HAD SERVED.
SO IT WAS A DIFFICULT -- THAT WAS PROBABLY THE HARDEST PART, TRYING TO CONVINCE THE WOMEN TO TRUST ME.
BUT I WAS APPROACHING IT FROM A DIFFERENT ANGLE THAN OTHER JOURNALISTS HAD DONE THIS STORY IN THE PAST, IN THAT I WAS TRYING TO POINT OUT ALL THE FAILURES OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND HOW THEY HAD REALLY DROPPED THE BALL.
AND I'M SO GLAD -- YOU KNOW, WE TALK ABOUT THEM AS WOMEN NOW, BUT THIS ALL HAPPENED WHEN THEYE MINORS.
AND IN THE BOOK YOU DETAIL, AND IN YOUR INVESTIGATIVE REPORTINGW WHAT HE WAS DOING.
HE OBVIOUSLY HAD A TON OF MONEY AND COULD HAVE HIRED PROSTITUTES, BUT HE WANTED TO PREY ON YOUNG GIRLS, EACH ONE BEING A NEW GIRL, THAT HE WOULD WANT PEOPLE TO HELP HIM BRING IN.
WHAT DID THIS DO TO THEIR LIVES?
IT JUST -- THE TRAUMA AND THE SHAME, YOU KNOW, THEY WERE PRETTY YOUNG.
THEY REALLY DIDN'T -- FIRST OF ALL, THEY WEREN'T REALLY TOLD WHAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN.
THEY WERE BROUGHT IN UNDER THE IDEA THAT THEY WERE JUST BEING HIRED TO GIVE AN OLD MAN A MASSAGE.
VERY FEW OF THEM WERE TOLD THAT THEY WOULD, FOR EXAMPLE, HAVE TO TAKE THEIR CLOTHES OFF.
SO THEY WERE COERCED INTO DOING THIS FOR MONEY.
SOME OF THEM WORKED IN SITUATIONS WHERE THEY CAME FROM VERY POOR FAMILIES, A COUPLE OFR HOMES.
SO THEY NEEDED THE MONEY, AND THEY THOUGHT, ALL I HAVE TO DO IS GO IN THERE AND GIVE THIS OLD MAN A MASSAGE.
WHEN THEY REALIZED WHAT REALLY HAPPENED, THEY STARTED BLAMING THEMSELVES.
THEY THOUGHT, YOU KNOW, HOW COULD I HAVE BEEN SO STUPID TO DO SOMETHING LIKE THAT?
SO THIS KIND OF -- YOU KNOW, THEY JUST WERE VERY HARD ON THEMSELVES AND IT CAUSED A LOT OF PAIN IN THEIR LIVES.
AND IT JUST MAKES YOU WONDER ABOUT ALL OF THE ENABLERS.
THIS COULDN'T HAVE HAPPENED HAD IT JUST BEEN JEFFREY EPSTEIN ALONE WANTING TO GO AND PREY ON YOUNG GIRLS.
HE HAD SO MANY PEOPLE THERE ALLOWING THIS TO HAPPEN AND KNOWING THAT IT WAS HAPPENING FOR SO MANY YEARS.
YOU KNOW, YOUR REPORTING REALLY SHINES A LIGHT ON LOCAL REPORTING, AND YOUR STORY IS INCREDIBLE IN THAT YOU ARE A LOCAL BEAT REPORTER, YOU WERE LOOKING TO GO WORK AT THE 'WASHINGTON POST,' YOU HAD TO TAKE A PAY CUT, YOU WERE BARELY ABOVE WATER PAYING YOUR BILLS, THINKING THAT MAYBE PERHAPS YOU WOULD HAVE TO GO BECOME A WAITRESS AGAIN, AND YOUR STORY BECAME ONE OF THE TOP STORIES COVERED IN THE NATION.
WHAT DOES THAT SAY ABOUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL REPORTERS LIKE YOURSELF, AND WHAT CAN WE DO TO MAKE SURE THAT WE ARE FOCUSING ON THEIR WORK AS WELL?
WELL, I HOPE THAT EVERYBODY THAT'S WATCHING THIS PROGRAM IS SUBSCRIBING TO THEIR LOCAL NEWSPAPER.
I GET VERY EMOTIONAL ABOUT THIS, BECAUSE I DON'T THINK THAT PEOPLE REALLY UNDERSTAND HOW IMPORTANT LOCAL REPORTERS AND LOCAL JOURNALISM IS TO OUR COUNTRY, REALLY.
THESE ARE PEOPLE THAT LIVE WITHIN YOUR COMMUNITY, WHO ARE WATCHING THE PEOPLE THAT SPEND YOUR TAX DOLLARS, MAKING SURE THAT PEOPLE AREN'T -- YOUR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, BASICALLY, AREN'T STEALING YOUR MONEY OR TAKING ADVANTAGE OF YOU.
AND IF WE DISAPPEAR, YOU KNOW, THE 'WASHINGTON POST,' 'THE NEW YORK TIMES,' THEY'RE WONDERFUL PAPERS, BUT THEY'RE NOT GOING TO BE WATCHING YOUR COMMUNITY.
THEY JUST AREN'T.
THEY'RE NATIONAL PAPERS.
SO I JUST HOPE THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE WATCHING THIS UNDERSTAND THAT YOUR LOCAL NEWSPAPER IS REALLY YOUR LIFELINE SO THAT YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT IS HAPPENING IN YOUR SCHOOLS, IN YOUR GOVERNMENT, AND EVEN IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD.
AND I THINK JUST TO PIGGY BACK ON THAT, YOU PROBABLY WOULDN'T HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GARNER THE TRUST OF THESE WOMEN AND BE ABLE TO HAVE THEM FINALLY, SO MANY YEARS LATER, OPEN UP TO YOU, HAD YOU NOT BEEN A PART OF THEIR COMMUNITY, IN A SENSE, AND KNOW THE AREA, AND KNOW THE STORY SO EXTENSIVELY AS YOU HAD BEEN COVERING IT.
RIGHT.
AND I WAS ABLE TO ALSO -- YOU KNOW, PART OF THE SUCCESS I THINK OF THE SERIES WAS I WAS ABLE TO CONVINCE THE LOCAL POLICE CHIEF, WHO BY NOW HAD RETIRED, BUT I WAS ABLE TO CONVINCE HIM AND THE LEAD DETECTIVE, WHO HAD ALSO RETIRED, TO TELL ME REALLY WHAT HAPPENED.
AND IT WAS THE FIRST TIME THEY HAD EVER SPOKEN PUBLICLY ABOUT IT.
AND THEIR VOICE WAS ALMOST AS IMPORTANT AS THE VICTIMS' VOICES, BECAUSE THEY CONFIDED IN ME IN HOW THESE PROSECUTORS HAD TRIED TO ESSENTIALLY THWART THEIR CASE.
I DON'T KNOW IF JUSTICE WILL EVER FULLY BE SERVED FOR THESE WOMEN, BUT YOU CAME SO CLOSE.
OUT OF ALL OF THE REPORTERS THAT HAD BEEN COVERING THIS, YOU CAME CLOSEST TO THAT.
THANK YOU SO MUCH, JULIE, FOR YOUR REPORTING ALL OF THESE YEARS.
AND CONGRATULATIONS AGAIN ON THE BOOK.
THANK YOU.
> NOW TODAY MARKS TEN YEARS SINCE NORWAY'S DARKEST DAY, WHICH SAW A RIGHT WING TERRORIST KILL 77 PEOPLE, EIGHT IN A BOMBING IN OSLO AND 69 IN A RAMPAGE ON A NEARBY ISLAND.
NATO SECRETARY GENERAL STOLTENBERG WAS NORWAY'S PRIME MINISTER AT THE TIME AND ONE OF THE INTENDED TARGETS.
WE SAT DOWN WITH HIM FOR A RARE REFLECTION ON THE COUNTRY'S DEADLIEST DAY SINCE WORLD WAR II AND HOW IT IMPACTED NORWAY FOREVER.
WELCOME BACK.
WE'RE FOLLOWING BREAKING NEWS OUT OF OSLO, NORWAY, TWO DEADLY ATTACKS.
HERE'S WHAT WE KNOW AT THIS TIME.
THERE WAS A BOMB BLAST MIDAFTERNOON AT A GOVERNMENT CITY.ING IN THE CENTER OF THE
WHEN DID YOU GET THE FIRST CALL THAT SOMETHING BAD HAD HAPPENED AND WHEN DID YOU REALIZE JUST THE SCALE OF WHAT WAS GOING ON?
SO I WAS IN MY HOUSE PREPARING THE SPEECH I WAS GOING TO DELIVER THE DAY AFTER, AND THEN WHILE I WAS WORKING THERE, ONE OF MY ADVISERS CAME INTO MY OFFICE IN MY HOUSE AND TOLD ME THERE HAS BEEN A BIG EXPLOSION.
AND I ACTUALLY HEARD, BECAUSE MY HOUSE IS NOT FAR FROM THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING, AND THAT DAY THE TERRORIST ATTACKS STARTED WITH AN EXPLOSION, A BOMB THAT WENT OFF OUTSIDE MY OFFICE IN THE GOVERNMENT SQUARE.
A WITNESS SAYS THERE HASN'T BEEN AN EXPLOSION LIKE THIS IN NORWAY SINCE WORLD WAR II.
A MASSIVE MIDDAY BLASTS SHAKES THE CENTER OF GOVERNMENT POWER IN OSLO.
AND THEN THE GUARDS CAME IN AND THEY TOLD ME THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING, YOUR OFFICE HAS BEEN ATTACKED, SO WE HAVE TO TAKE YOU DOWN INTO A SAFE ROOM IN THE BASEMENT, BECAUSE WHEN THE PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE IS ATTACKED, OF COURSE, THERE MAY BE A SECOND ATTACK AGAINST YOUR HOUSE, YOUR RESIDENCE.
SO I REMEMBER I DIDN'T WANT TO GO DOWN THERE, BUT THE GUARDS WERE VERY CONVINCING.
WE WENT DOWN THERE AND THEN, AFTER A COUPLE OF HOURS, WE STARTED TO GET TEXT MESSAGES ABOUT ANOTHER ATTACK.
REPORTS SAY A MAN DRESSED AS A POLICE OFFICER OPENED FIRE SHORTLY AFTER THE BLAST IN THE CAPITAL AND THAT A NUMBER OF PEOPLE WERE INJURED.
WHEN DID YOU REALIZE JUST HOW BAD THINGS WERE?
BECAUSE I REMEMBER AS THE DAY UNFOLDED, WE HEARD ABOUT THE EXPLOSION, BUT THEN IT TOOK A WHILE TO ACTUALLY COMPREHEND THAT HE HAD GONE TO THE ISLAND AND STARTED MASSACRING PEOPLE THERE?
THERE WAS NO WAY WE KNEW WHEN THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING WAS ATTACKED EARLIER THE SAME DAY.
I RECEIVED MESSAGES FROM PEOPLE AT THE ISLAND BECAUSE THEY WERE FRIENDS OF MINE AND THEY TEXTED ME, AND THEY TOLD ME THERE IS SOMEONE SHOOTING AND KILLING PEOPLE.
AND AFTER JUST A FEW MINUTES, I WAS INFORMED BY A TEXT MESSAGE THAT THE WOMAN THAT WAS ACTUALLY RUNNING THE SUMMER CAMP OUT THERE WITH A LOT OF YOUNG PEOPLE, SHE WAS KILLED.
HER NAME IS MONICA.
I HAVE KNOWN HER FOR MANY, MANY YEARS.
SHE WAS CALLED MOTHER, AND SHE RAN THE ISLAND CAMP, AND THEN WHEN I REALIZED THAT MONICA WAS KILLED, THEN I REALIZED THAT THIS WAS REAL AND THE VIOLENCE, THE TERRORISM GOT THE FACE OF MONICA.
AND THIS HIT CLOSE TO HOME.
HOW DOES ONE REACT, AS ON THE ONE HAND, THE PRIME MINISTER WHO IS OBVIOUSLY IN CHARGE OF KEEPING PEOPLE SAFE, BUT ALSO ON A PERSONAL LEVEL?
THE 22nd OF JULY IN NORWAY IS FIRST AND FOREMOST ABOUT ALL THE PEOPLE THAT WERE KILLED AND THOSE WHO LOST LOVED ONES.
BUT OF COURSE IT ALTHOUGH AFFECTED ALL OF US AND ALSO ME.
I WAS PRIME MINISTER IN THE GOVERNMENT AND HAD AN OFFICE THAT WAS ATTACKED WITH A BOMB.
I WAS LEADER OF THE PARTY, WITH THE YOUTH WING THAT WAS ATTACKED ON THE SUMMER CAMP, THE ISLAND, AND I WAS A PERSONAL FRIEND OF MANY OF THOSE WHO WERE KILLED.
SO THIS WAS VERY SHOCKING FOR ALL OF US.
IT WAS IMPORTANT TO JUST TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHAT WAS HAPPENING, AND IN THE BEGINNING WE REALLY HOPED THAT THE NUMBER OF CASUALTIES, THE NUMBER OF VICTIMS, WAS NOT AS MANY AS IT LATER PROVED TO BE.
SO WE, IN A WAY, CLINGED TO THE HOPE OF NOT SO MANY CASUALTIES.
BUT THEN I REMEMBER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT I GOT A TEXT MESSAGE FROM THE CHIEF, AN OLD FRIEND, HE AND I, WE HAVE SPENT LIKE 15 SUMMERS TOGETHER AT THIS ISLAND IN THE '70s AND '80s, AND THEN HE TOLD ME THAT 88 PEOPLE WERE KILLED.
LATER ON IT WAS CLEAR THAT IT WAS A BIT FEWER, BUT STILL IT WAS A BIG TRAGEDY, AND IT WAS A SHOCK FOR ALL OF US.
SOME WERE EXECUTED HIDING IN TENTS AS THEY HUDDLED AMONG ROCKS FOR SAFETY.
THOSE WHO TRIED TO SWIM AWAY FOUND NO REFUGE EITHER.
IN THE BEGINNING THERE WERE REPORTS, A HOPE EXAGGERATED, THE NUMBER OF KILLED PEOPLE, BUT GRADUALLY REALIZED.
AND FOR ME, I THINK I FULLY REALIZED THE SCALE AND THE SCOPE OF THE ATTACK, THE HORROR, WHEN I MET THE SURVIVORS EARLY THE NEXT DAY CLOSE TO THE ISLAND.
BECAUSE I WENT THERE AND THEN -- WE WENT BY HELICOPTER OVER THE ISLAND.
WE SAW THE PICTURES, WE SAW THE TENTS, AND THIS IS A PLACE WHERE I HAVE BEEN SO MANY TIMES BEFORE.
AND I WAS ON MY WAY TO THIS ISLAND THE DAY AFTER TO MEET THE PEOPLE AND I WAS LOOKING FORWARD TO SEEING THEM.
THEY WERE TEENAGERS, I REMEMBER WHEN I WAS THERE AS A TEENAGER, AND THEN INSTEAD OF MEETING THEM ALIVE ON THE ISLAND, I FLEW OVER WITH A HELICOPTER AND SAW THE BODIES, SAW THE TENTS, AND REALIZED THAT THIS WAS A BRUTAL REALITY.
AND THEN LATER ON MEETING, HUGGING, SEEING SURVIVORS, PARENTS, OF THOSE THAT WERE KILLED, THAT MADE IT EVEN MORE REAL.
GRIEVING NORWEGIANS LED BY THEIR ASHEN-FACED KING AND QUEEN REMEMBER THEIR DEAD AT A SERVICE IN OSLO.
THE PRIME MINISTER TOLD MOURNERS THE PAST TWO DAYS HAD FELT LIKE AN ETERNITY.
IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE WHOLE THING, YOU SAID NORWAY'S ANSWER WOULD NOT BE HATRED, MORE HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY.
BUT YOU MUST HAVE FELT ANGER AND RAGE AT THAT MOMENT.
I WAS ANGRY, BUT MOST OF ALL I FELT SORROW FOR WHAT HAS HAPPENED, BUT I STILL BELIEVE THAT OUR ANSWER WAS THE RIGHT ONE.
HE WANTED TO ATTACK OUR FREE, OPEN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY, SO THE BEST RESPONSE IS MORE OPENNESS, MORE DEMOCRACY, BECAUSE THEN WE PROVE THAT HE IS NOT WINNING, WE ARE WINNING.
HE DEMONSTRATED HATRED, THE BEST RESPONSE TO HATRED IS LOVE.
SO I REALLY WELCOMED THE STRONG MESSAGE FROM THE PEOPLE OF NORWAY, AS MANY OTHER COUNTRIES THAT HAVE BEEN ATTACKED, THAT WE STAND UP FOR OUR VALUES.
I THINK WE ALSO TOLD THE UNITED STATES AFTER 9/11, THEN WE SEE THE VALUE OF OUR DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, OF NEVER GIVING IN TO OR BEING INTIMIDATED BY TERRORISTS.
DO YOU BELIEVE THAT IN THE END YOU DEFEATED ANDERS BREIVIK AND HIS IDEOLOGY?
DO YOU THINK THAT NORWAY WENT ABOUT THIS THE RIGHT AWAY?
HE IS IN PRISON, BUT HIS IDEOLOGY IS STILL OUT THERE AND WE NEED TO CONTINUE -- I THINK WE NEVER WILL BE IN A POSITION WHERE WE CAN SAY THAT WE HAVE WON THE FIGHT, WE CAN CLOSE THE CHAPTER OF FIGHTING AGAINST EXTREMISM.
WHAT WE HAVE SEEN IS THAT EXTREMISM COMES IN MANY DIFFERENT FORMS, USING DIFFERENT IDEOLOGIES, DIFFERENT RELIGIONS AS DISGUISE FOR BRUTAL VIOLENCE.
IN NORWAY, THE PERPETRATOR WAS A WHITE, CHRISTIAN MAN FROM THE SAME NEIGHBORHOOD AS I GREW UP IN OSLO.
IN OTHER COUNTRIES TERRORISTS USE OTHER RELIGIONS AND OTHER IDEOLOGIES, BUT IT'S ALWAYS THE SAME, THEY BELIEVE IN HATRED, THEY BELIEVE IN VIOLENCE, AND THEY HAVE MORE IN COMMON AMONG THEMSELVES, THE TERRORISTS, REGARDLESS OF THE COLOR OR DISGUISE THEY USE, THAN ANY OF US BELIEVING IN DEMOCRACY AND FREE AND OPEN SOCIETIES.
ARE YOU STILL IN CONTACT WITH LOVED ONES OF THE VICTIMS, WITH PEOPLE WHO SURVIVED, AND WHAT IS YOUR RELATIONSHIP NOW?
I MEET THE VICTIMS OF THOSE WHO LOST FAMILY MEMBERS REGULARLY, EVERY YEAR, ALMOST EVERY TIME I GO BACK TO NORWAY.
PARTLY BECAUSE MANY OF THEM ARE FRIENDS OF MINE, I WORKED TOGETHER WITH THEM.
BUT ALSO BECAUSE EVERY 22nd OF JULY I GO BACK TO THE ISLAND, I MEET PEOPLE THERE, AND I WILL CONTINUE TO DO SO AS LONG AS I'M ABLE TO DO IT.
BECAUSE IT GIVES ME A FEELING OF MEANING, A FEELING OF SHOWING RESPECT, BUT ALSO I HOPE THAT IT GIVES SOME COMFORT TO THE OTHER PEOPLE I MEET THERE ON THE ISLAND.
YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THAT THE PURPOSE OF THIS ATTACK WAS TO CHANGE NORWAY FUNDAMENTALLY, AND THEREFORE, YES, OF COURSE, THIS WILL BE PART OF NORWAY'S HISTORY, IT WILL BE PART OF WHO WE ARE AS LONG AS WE EXIST.
BUT FUNDAMENTALLY, IT HAS NOT CHANGED WHO WE ARE.
FUNDAMENTALLY IT HAS MADE US EVEN MORE LOYAL TO THE IDEA OF A SOCIETY WHERE PEOPLE CAN LIVE TOGETHER AND IT'S GOOD TO SEE THAT NOT ONLY POLITICIANS, BUT NORWEGIANS WENT OUT INTO THE STREETS AND CONVEYED THAT MESSAGE, AS WE HAVE SEEN IN MANY OTHER COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE EXPERIENCED THE SAME KIND OF EVENT.
HOW DOES THAT DAY INSIDE YOU?
DO YOU STILL THINK ABOUT IT A LOT?
I THINK ABOUT IT ALMOST EVERY DAY AND I DON'T TRY TO FORGET IT.
IT'S PART OF ME.
IT WILL BE WITH ME AS LONG AS I LIVE.
I HAVE AN OFFICE, I HAVE A PICTURE OF THE ISLAND, AND I WORKED TOGETHER WITH PEOPLE WHO WERE AT THE ISLAND, SO I WILL ALWAYS BE CLOSE TO THAT ATTACK.
AND I THINK THAT'S A GOOD THING, BECAUSE THAT ALSO REMINDS ME OF ALL THE LOVE WE WERE ABLE TO MOBILIZE ON THAT DAY.
THE PARADOX OF THAT DAY IS THAT WE SAW HATRED, WE SAW KILLING, BUT WE ALSO SAW LOVE AND PEOPLE STANDING UP FOR EACH OTHER.
COMPASSION?
YEAH, AND AT THE SAME TIME.
SO THE 22nd OF JULY IS A DAY OF A DARK MESSAGE OF HATRED, BUT ALSO A LIGHT MESSAGE OF LOVE AND COMPASSION.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH, SIR.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
AN INSPIRING EXAMPLE OF RISING ABOVE HATE AND VIOLENCE.
HE THINKS ABOUT THAT DAY EVERY SINGLE DAY.
> NOW WE TURN TO A REAL LIFE MANIFESTATION OF THE AMERICAN DREAM.
AS CEO OF XEROX, URSULA BURNS WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMAN TO RUN A FORTUNE 500 COMPANY.
NOW SHE SITS ON THE BOARDS OF UBER, EXXON MOBIL AND NESTLE AND MORE.
HER NEW MEMOIR 'WHERE YOU ARE IS NOT WHO YOU ARE' CHARTS HER INCREDIBLE RISE FROM THE TOP FROM GROWING UP ON WELFARE TO CONTROLLING A MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR COMPANY.
HERE SHE IS SPEAKING TO WALTER ISAACSON.
URSULA BURNS, WELCOME TO THE SHOW.
THANK YOU.
I'M HAPPY TO BE HERE.
I'M HONORED TO BE HERE.
IT'S A WONDERFUL MEMOIR YOU'VE JUST WRITTEN CALLED 'WHERE YOU ARE IS NOT WHO YOU ARE'. EXPLAIN TO ME THAT TITLE.
MY MOTHER HAD ALL OF THESE SAYING WHEN I WAS GROWING UP AND THIS IS ONE SHE USED MOST OFTEN WITH MYSELF AND MY BROTHER AND SISTER.
AND IT WAS TO REMIND US THAT THE PLACE THAT WE GREW UP IN WAS NOT A PLACE THAT SIGNIFIED OUR SOUL OR OUR CHARACTER, ET CETERA.
SHE WANTED TO MAKE SURE THAT WE WERE AWARE OF THE FACT THAT SINCE WE WERE IN POVERTY, LIVING IN LESS THAN STELLAR CONDITIONS, THAT WAS NOT WHERE WE SHOULD THINK OF OURSELVES AS BEING FROM OR BEING IN OUR SOULS.
AND SHE WOULD FOLLOW THIS UP WITH, WHERE YOU ARE IS NOT WHO YOU ARE, AND SHE WOULD FOLLOW IT UP WITH, REMEMBER THAT WHEN YOU'RE RICH AND FAMOUS.
MY MOTHER HAD NO IDEA ABOUT RICHNESS AND FAME.
SHE DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT COMPANIES, CEOs.
THE CLOSEST THING SHE GOT TO FILM WAS ACTRESSES ON TV.
BUT SHE WAS SMART TOUGH TO PUT IN THAT TAG LINE BECAUSE SHE HAD ASPIRATIONS FOR US AND TAUGHT US THAT WE SHOULD HAVE ASPIRATIONS SOME DAY BE MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS IN THE WORLD.
SHE DIDN'T WANT US TO GET OUR HEADS TOO BIG, SHE DIDN'T WANT US TO FORGET THE FACT THAT WE CAME FROM PLAIN ROOTS, THAT YOU DON'T LOOK AT THE SURROUNDINGS OR THE TRAPPINGS OF A PERSON AND DETERMINE HOW OR WHO THAT PERSON IS OR HOW THEY WILL OPERATE.
IT WAS AMAZINGLY INCITEFUL STATEMENT DURING A TIME WHEN IF YOU COULD JUST SEE WHERE WE WERE, YOU WOULD REALIZE HOW ODD IT WAS FOR THAT TO BE ONE OF HER TAG LINES TO US.
WHERE YOU WERE WAS IN A HOUSING PROJECT IN THE LOWER EAST SIDE OF MANHATTAN, RIGHT?
WITH TWO SIBLINGS, SHE WAS A SINGLE MOTHER.
TELL ME ABOUT HER LESSONS YOU GOT FROM HER RAISING YOU.
BY THE WAY, SHE STARTED SAYING THIS TO ME BEFORE WE MOVED UP TO THE HOUSING PROJECT.
BEFORE THE HOUSING PROJECT WE WERE LIVING IN THE TENTS IN ALPHABET CITY OR 2nd STREET AND AVENUE C.
IT WAS ACTUALLY WORSE THAN THE PROJECTS.
WHEN WE GOT INTO THE PROJECTS, WE LITERALLY THOUGHT WE HAD ARRIVED.
I WAS 10 OR 11 BY THE TIME I MOVED INTO THE HOUSING PROJECTS.
SINGLE MOTHER, IMMIGRANT FROM PANAMA.
THREE CHILDREN.
LITERALLY HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATED, VERY SOLID -- I ALWAYS CALLED HER MANIACAL.
SHE WAS A MANIACAL PARENT, MANIACAL THAT SHE CARED HER AND NURTURED HER THREE ASSETS, HER THREE CHILDREN, BUT SHE STRUGGLED.
SHE STRUGGLED EVERY SINGLE DAY OF HER LIFE.
AND WHEN I WAS A TEENAGER, ABOUT 16 YEARS OLD, IS WHEN I FIRST REALIZED, LIKE SMASHED IN MY FACE, JUST HOW DIFFICULT HER LIFE WAS, HOW TENUOUS EVERY DAY WAS, HOW LITTLE MONEY SHE HAD.
SHE MADE -- THE MOST MONEY SHE EVER MADE WAS $4,400 A YEAR.
WE LIVED WELFARE CHECK TO WELFARE CHECK.
I WENT TO GRADE SCHOOL AND HIGH SCHOOL AT A CATHOLIC SCHOOL FROM 1st GRADE TO 12th GRADE AND SHE PAID FOR THAT, WHICH WHEN I WAS IN HIGH SCHOOL WAS $65 A MONTH.
$650 A YEAR OUT OF $4,400.
SHE LITERALLY DEDICATED TO MY EDUCATION, MY BROTHER'S EDUCATION, MY SISTER'S EDUCATION.
SHE WAS AN AMAZING CHARACTER, STRICT, AND LIKE I SAID, MANIACAL ABOUT HER CHILDREN.
WHEN YOU WERE GROWING UP, YOU THOUGHT YOU MIGHT BE A TEACHER OR A NONE OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
AND THEN YOU SAID IN THE BOOK THAT YOU STUMBLED ONTO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.
HOW DOES ONE STUMBLE ONTO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING?
BY THE WAY, ONE OF THE REASONS WHY I PUT THIS IN THE BOOK AND SPEND SO MUCH TIME ON IT IS BECAUSE THE QUESTION THAT YOU JUST ASKED IS THE ABSOLUTE PERFECT QUESTION FOR US TO THINK ABOUT AS WE EDUCATE OUR CHILDREN AND OUR POPULATION FOR THE FUTURE.
HOW IN THE WORLD DO YOU STUMBLE UPON A CAREER THAT IS SO VALUABLE, THAT IS SO NEEDED?
HOW COME THERE'S NOT MORE STRUCTURE AROUND GIVING THAT AS AN OPTION?
MY MOTHER, TYPICAL MOTHER, YOU'RE GOING TO GO TO COLLEGE.
HOW ARE WE GOING TO GO TO COLLEGE?
WE HAVE NO MONEY, WE HAVE NO ACCESS.
AND HER THING WAS, YOU DON'T WORRY ABOUT THAT, I WORRY ABOUT THAT.
YOU WORRY ABOUT GETTING IN.
SO I REMEMBER HAVING A GUIDANCE COUNSELOR COME TO ME.
I HAD TAKEN THIS THING CALLED THE PSA TEST AND I HAD DONE RELATIVELY WELL.
THE GUIDANCE COUNSELOR SAID YOU SHOULD THINK ABOUT SOMETHING TO DO WITH THIS MATH.
WHILE I WAS THERE I WAS LOOKING IN THIS BOOK CALLED THE BARRON'S BOOK AND IT LISTED THE MOST -- THE MOST COMPETITIVE COLLEGES IN THE WORLD, IN THE UNITED STATES, IT STILL DOES THAT, OBVIOUSLY, AND WHICH CAREERS PAID THE MOST MONEY AFTER FOUR YEARS OF COLLEGE.
THIS BASICALLY -- AND I SAID, OKAY, THIS IS AN INTERESTING SECTION, I'LL LOOK AT THAT SECTION.
THE CAREER THAT PAID THE MOST MONEY AFTER FOUR YEARS OF COLLEGE, GUESS WHAT IT WAS?
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.
SO GUESS WHAT I WAS GOING TO BE?
A CHEMICAL ENGINEER.
I STARTED IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, BUT, WALTER, I WAS SO BAD AT CHEMISTRY THAT LITERALLY I WAS THINKING OF DROPPING OUT OF COLLEGE THE FIRST SEMESTER OF COLLEGE.
I'M LIKE, I HATE CHEMISTRY.
AND MY GUIDANCE COUNSELOR SAID YOU DON'T HAVE TO DROP OUT, JUST CHANGE YOUR MAJOR.
I CAN DO THAT?
OH, YEAH.
WHICH CLASS DO YOU LIKE?
I SAID PHYSICS.
SHE SAID JUST BECOME A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
I CHANGED TO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND THE REST IS HISTORY.
I LOVED IT.
BUT THE REASON FOR THE STORY AND THE REASON FOR YOUR QUESTION IS ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I WORKED ON A LOT AND STILL WORK ON, IS WHY IS IT THAT WE DON'T HAVE MORE STRUCTURED APPROACHES TO GIVING STUDENTS OPTIONS OF UNDERSTANDING WHAT'S NEEDED IN THE WORLD, AND ENGINEERING IS DEFINITELY SOMETHING THAT'S NEEDED IN THE WORLD.
WHAT'S NEEDED IN THE WORLD, HOW YOUR LIFE WOULD LOOK IF YOU ACTUALLY PURSUED A CAREER LIKE THAT, HOW MUCH MONEY YOU WOULD MAKE, WHAT KIND OF TASKS YOU WOULD DO, AND LITERALLY GET YOU EXCITED ABOUT THIS.
AND IT TURNS OUT IN MY TIME WHEN I WAS IN COLLEGE, SURPRISE, SURPRISE, WHEN I WAS WORKING WITH PRESIDENT OBAMA ON THE S.T.E.M. TASK FORCE, IT WASN'T THERE, EITHER.
NOW IT'S GETTING A LITTLE MORE, BUT IT'S NOT A VERY STRUCTURED GUIDANCE OF OUR STUDENTS TO WHERE JOBS ARE NEEDED, WHERE JOBS ARE PLENTIFUL AND SKILLS ARE NEEDED.
HOW DO WE GET MORE WOMEN AND MORE PEOPLE OF COLOR INTO THE ENGINEERING FIELDS?
PART OF IT IS PROGRAMATIC IN THE BEGINNING OF YOUR LIFE.
IT HAS TO BE -- I WOULD ALWAYS SAY WHEN I WAS IN WASHINGTON, IT TAKES 16 YEARS TO MAKE AN ENGINEER, 16 YEARS.
IT TAKES 16 YEARS TO MAKE JUST ABOUT ANYTHING.
BUT YOU CAN START TODAY AND SAY I WANT THAT.
SO YOU HAVE TO START EARLY IN PREPARING FOUNDATIONALLY THE POPULATION FOR AN APPRECIATION AND UNDERSTANDING AND KIND OF ENJOYMENT AROUND MATH AND SCIENCE.
YOU HAVE TO HAVE A LOVE -- A LIKE FOR, AN UNDERSTANDING FOR AND LACK OF FEAR FOR MATH AND SCIENCES TO BECOME AN ENGINEER.
YOU CAN'T AVOID IT.
BUT WE HAVE A WHOLE BUNCH OF STRUCTURES THAT ACTUALLY PUSH KIDS AWAY FROM IT.
WE ABSOLUTELY HAVE TO HAVE MORE EXAMPLES.
THIS IS LIKE THE FLYWHEEL EFFECT.
THE MORE I SPEAK WITH ENGINEERING TO GIRLS AND BOYS OF COLOR AND GIRLS IN GENERAL OR JUST ANYONE, THE MORE FEEDBACK I GET ABOUT, MY GOD, I HAD NO IDEA, I HAD NO IDEA.
STILL TO THIS DAY, I HAD NO IDEA, BY AND LARGE THE U.S. IS STILL LAGGING BEHIND THE WORLD.
THERE ARE 28 NATIONS IN THE WORLD AHEAD OF US IN MATH AND SCIENCE COMPETENCY AND EDUCATION.
IN YOUR BOOK YOU WRITE A BIT ABOUT AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND YOU TALK ABOUT HOW PEOPLE MAY HAVE THOUGHT OR SAID TO YOU THAT YOU GOT YOUR POSITIONS BECAUSE OF THAT, AND I THINK A PHRASE YOU USE IS, SO BE IT.
EXPLAIN THAT TO ME.
YEAH, I THINK THAT, YOU KNOW, THE SOCIETY WE LIVE IN TODAY IS STRUCTURED BY MEN, WHITE MEN, IT'S STRUCTURED FOR MEN, PRIMARILY FOR WHITE MEN.
THE RULES ARE MADE BY WHITE MEN, ET CETERA, ET CETERA.
AND NOW WE CALL TOOLS THAT ALLOW PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT WHITE MEN TO FIT IN, WE CALL IT AFFIRMATIVE ACTION.
TO ME, IT'S A CRAZY WAY OF PUTTING IT.
WE HAVE A SOCIETY THAT WE KNOW, EVEN WHITE WOMEN STRUGGLE TO FIT IN.
AND WE HAVE TO DO -- I WOULD CALL IT NOT AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IF WE WERE ALLOWED TO START ALL OVER AGAIN.
IF WE WERE ALLOWED TO START ALL OVER AGAIN, AND LITERALLY STRUCTURE SOCIETY WHERE YOU'RE NOT PENALIZED FOR BEING ABLE TO GIVE BIRTH TO THE NEXT GENERATION.
NOT PENALIZED SIMPLY BECAUSE THE SHADE OF MY SKIN IS DIFFERENT THAN YOUR SHADE.
IF WE COULD DO AWAY WITH ALL OF THOSE THINGS IN NOT ONLY THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF PEOPLE, BUT THE STRUCTURES, WHERE WE LIVE, WHERE WE GET INTO SCHOOLS, HOW MUCH WE'RE PAID, HOW MUCH FLEXIBILITY WE HAVE AND HOW WE DO OUR JOBS, IF YOU CAN DO THAT IN THE FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURE, THEN YOU BETTER HAVE SOME ACTIONS THAT ARE AFFIRMATIVE TOWARDS THE PEOPLE WHO ARE EXCLUDED.
AND I'M SAYING, IF YOU HAVE THEM, SO BE IT.
IT SHOULDN'T GET, AND IT DOESN'T EVER, AT LEAST IN MY LIFE, HAVE WE GOTTEN TO WE'RE GOING TO LET YOU THERE EVEN THOUGH YOU CAN'T DO THE JOB.
WE'RE GOING TO PAY YOU THAT MONEY EVEN THOUGH YOU DESERVE TO BE PAID LESS.
IT WAS ALL ABOUT I'M MORE THAN ABLE TO DO THE JOB, MORE THAN ABLE.
BUT YOU DON'T LOOK IN THE PLACES WHERE I AM.
YOU DON'T GO TO THE PLACES WHERE YOU HAVE RELEGATED ME TO IN THE PAST AND NOW I FEEL VERY COMFORTABLE BEING THERE, AND YOU'RE SAYING, WELL, YOU KNOW, WE DO MOST OF OUR DEALS ON THE GOLF COURSE.
I DON'T PLAY GOLF, I DON'T DO THAT.
SO YOU CAN'T DO YOUR DEALS ON THE GOLF COURSE OR WHATEVER THE NON-AFFIRMATIVE THING IN.
WE ABSOLUTELY HAVE TO HAVE A WAY, NOT TO FIX THE SINS OF THE PAST, BUT TO LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD OF TODAY.
AND THAT'S WHAT I THINK ABOUT, THAT'S WHY I SAY SO BE IT.
AFTER THE ME TOO MOVEMENT AND THE MURDER OF GEORGE FLOYD, THERE'S BEEN A PUSH FOR MORE DIVERSITY, INCLUDING DIVERSITY IN BOARDROOMS.
WHERE DO YOU THINK WE STAND ON THAT?
AN AMAZING AMOUNT OF PROGRESS, BUT STILL NOT ENOUGH IN THE LAST YEAR.
PARTICULARLY IN THE LAST TWO YEARS FOR WOMEN WE'VE INCREASED THE NUMBER IN THE C SUITE AND THE GOVERNANCE LEVEL, AT THE BOARD LEVEL, INCREASED A NUMBER OF FEMALE DIRECTORS, AND IT'S HAPPENING IN A WAY WHICH IS THE RIGHT WAY.
SO NOT A TOKEN, RIGHT?
SO PEOPLE SAY, WE GOT OUR ONE.
I KEEP SAYING, THE BIGGEST THING, NOT ONLY ME, BUT MYSELF AND A WHOLE BUNCH OF COME PATRIOTS CALL THE BOARD DIVERSITY ACTION ALLIANCE, WHICH WAS A MOVE TO GET AT LEAST ONE AFRICAN-AMERICAN DIRECTOR ON EVERY FORTUNE 500 BOARD, START THERE, BUT EVERY BOARD, EVERYWHERE.
AND THEN WE EXPANDED IT FROM AFRICAN-AMERICAN TO BROWN AND BLACK PEOPLE BECAUSE HISPANICS ARE NOT DOING ANY BETTER, IN MANY CASES DOING WORSE.
WE EXPANDED THIS TO PRIVATE EQUITY FIRMS AND VENTURE CAPITAL FIRMS, IN THE STRUCTURE OF THEIR PORTFOLIO COMPANIES, AND IT'S GOING TO BE ANNOUNCED SOON, BUT I WILL GIVE YOU A LITTLE BIT OF A PREVIEW OF THE DATA.
LET ME JUST SAY IT'S HORRIBLE.
IT IS AMAZINGLY POOR, THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN AND A LITTLE BIT OF PROGRESS THERE, BUT OF PEOPLE OF COLOR, YOU COULDN'T COME TO A BETTER -- LESS DIVERSE ENVIRONMENT IF YOU PLANNED FOR IT.
I MEAN, IT'S JUST AWE-INSPIRING HOW EFFECTIVELY BLACK PEOPLE AND BROWN PEOPLE HAVE BEEN LEFT OUT OF THIS ENTIRE STRUCTURE, AND WOMEN UP UNTIL VERY RECENTLY HAVE BEEN LEFT OUT OF THE STRUCTURE COMPLETELY.
THE PANDEMIC HAS MADE IT SO THAT A LOT OF WOMEN HAD TO OR DID DROP OUT OF THE WORKFORCE.
HOW DO YOU SEE THAT CHANGING AND WHAT CAN WE DO TO REGAIN THE MOMENTUM WE HAD IN TERMS OF WOMEN BECOMING PART OF THE WORKFORCE?
YOU'RE SO RIGHT, THE PANDEMIC.
I WAS A PART OF THE G7'S GLOBAL AGENDA EQUALITY ACTION COMMISSION, THE GEAC.
IT WAS REALLY AN AMAZING OPPORTUNITY.
AND WHAT I SAW WAS WHAT YOU JUST SAID, WAS, YOU KNOW, FROM RICH TO POOR, FROM THE LARGE TO SMALL, WOMEN DISPROPORTIONATELY HELD THE BURDEN OF CARE FOR EITHER CHILDREN, EXTENDED FAMILY, FOR NURTURING AND EDUCATION AND EVERYTHING.
AND THAT ADDITIONAL BURDEN RESULTED IN THEM MAKING THE RIGHT CALL AT THAT MOMENT, WHICH WAS THEY'VE GOT TO TAKE CARE OF THEIR FAMILIES AND THEY HAD TO DROP OUT OF THE WORKFORCE.
I THINK THE IMMEDIATE FIX FOR THAT IS, UNFORTUNATELY -- THERE IS NO IMMEDIATE FIX FOR THAT.
FOR THE POORER NATIONS AND THE POORER PEOPLE, EVEN IN OUR NATION, THERE ARE SOME FIXES.
WE HAVE TO LITERALLY GIVE THEM ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE.
AS WE COME OUT OF THIS PANDEMIC, AND AS WE COME OUT OF THIS GLOBAL JUST RECESSION, WE ABSOLUTELY HAVE TO PAY THEM SUCH THAT THEY CAN ACTUALLY ENGAGE MORE ACTIVELY IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF WORK.
WE HAVE TO DO THAT.
WE HAVE TO GIVE THEM SUPPORT MECHANISMS, OR ELSE WE'RE GOING TO BE IN SERIOUS TROUBLE IN SOME OF THE MORE BASIC JOBS IN OUR SOCIETY, THERE'S NO REASON TO COME BACK.
THAT'S ONE.
AT THE HIGHER LEVEL, WE HAVE TO GET BACK TO THIS THING I SAID ABOUT SO BE IT, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, SO BE IT.
BACK TO THE POINT, THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY WE HAVE, EVERYTHING FROM BUSINESS STRUCTURE TO EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE, CLEARLY FAMILY STRUCTURE, THE RELIGIOUS STRUCTURE, EVEN, HAS TO BE RE-JIGGLED A LITTLE BIT TO ALLOW FOR BETTER SHARING OR BETTER SINGLE OWNERSHIP OF THE FUTURE OF OUR COUNTRY.
NOT THE ECONOMIC FUTURE, THE SOCIAL FUTURE.
RIGHT NOW IT'S NOT SET UP IN A WAY THAT THERE'S ANY REAL MERIT GIVEN TO THAT.
WE HAVE TO DO A LOT OF FUNDAMENTAL CHANGING TO HAVE THAT HAPPEN.
BUSINESSES MUST -- I MEAN, IT'S A LITTLE BIT EASIER FOR THEM, PARTICULARLY FROM VERY SENIOR LARGE CORPORATES, PARTICULARLY FROM SENIOR WOMEN IT'S EASY, STRAIGHTFORWARD.
YOU GIVE THEM CHILD CARE, ELDERCARE, WHATEVER THEY NEED, YOU GIVE THEM ACCESS TO WAYS THAT THEY CAN PARTICIPATE MORE FULLY IN THIS LOPSIDED DEMOCRACY, THIS LOPSIDED CAPITAL STRUCTURE THAT WE HAVE.
BUT IN ORDER FOR IT TO BE TRULY FIXED, IF WE HAVE THE NEXT PANDEMIC, GOD FORBID, A GENERATION FROM NOW OR TWO, THAT WE DON'T END UP IN THE SAME EXACT PLACES AND WE HAVE TO START LOOKING AT THE FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURES OF EVERYTHING WE DO.
THAT'S WHY I TALK ABOUT THIS IDEA ABOUT AFFIRMATIVE ACTION.
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IS ONLY AFFIRMATIVE BECAUSE THE PEOPLE WHO ARE THERE ARE NOT READY, WILLING, DON'T KNOW HOW, OR WHATEVER THE LANGUAGE IS, TO MAKE THE PLAYING FIELD MORE NATURALLY LEVEL.
SHOULD CORPORATIONS TAKE A STAND ON SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUES OR VOTING RIGHTS ISSUES?
ABSOLUTELY.
NO DOUBT ABOUT IT.
U.S. COMPANIES IN THE UNITED STATES, THEY ARE BENEFITING FROM THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THIS COUNTRY, THE HISTORY OF THIS COUNTRY.
THEY ARE BENEFITING FROM THE FACT THAT WE HAD SEVEN GENERATIONS OF SLAVERY, LITERALLY, AND FOR YOU TO NOW NOT ENGAGE IN A WAY THAT SUPPORTS THE CURRENT UNITED STATES STRUCTURE -- I'M NOT TALKING ABOUT CREATING A NEW LAW.
I'M NOT TRYING TO FIGURE OUT A WAY TO DO SOMETHING DIFFERENT.
I'M TALKING ABOUT THE LAWS THAT SIT TODAY, THAT SAY THAT IF YOU ARE A CITIZEN OF THIS COUNTRY, YOU SHOULD HAVE A CLEAR AND EASY PATH TO VOTE, A CLEAR AND EASY PATH.
IT DOESN'T SAY THAT IF YOU'RE A WHITE CITIZEN YOU HAVE ONE AND IF YOU'RE A BLACK CITIZEN WHO HAPPENS TO LIVE IN A NEIGHBORHOOD AND DO A JOB THAT LOOKS LIKE THAT, AND THAT YOUCAT CETERA, IT DOESN'T HAVE ANY OF THOSE CAVEATS.
URSULA BURNS, THANK YOU SOMU.
YOU'RE WELCOME, WALTER.
LIKE I SAID IN THE BEGINNING, I'M HONORED TO BE HERE.
AND, FINALLY, ALL EYES TURN TO THE OLYMPIC GAMES OPENING CEREMONY.
BUT WITH ONLY HOURS TO GO BEFORE THE EVENT, THE SHOW DIRECTOR HAS BEEN DROPPED FOR HISTORICAL ANTI-SEMITIC COMMENTS, AS COVID CASES RISE IN TOKYO TO THE HIGHEST SINCE JANUARY.
IT WILL LOOK QUITE DIFFERENT.
NO SPECTATORS, FEWER DIGNITARIES AND A NEAR EMPTY VENUE.
ONE SEAT WILL BE FILLED WITH U.S. LADY JILL BIDEN, ON HER FIRST SOLO TRIP ABROAD.
THAT IS IT FOR NOW.
REMEMBER, YOU CAN FOLLOW ME AND THE SHOW ON TWITTER.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR WATCHING