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♪♪♪
> HELLO, EVERYONE.
AND WELCOME TO 'AMANPOUR AND COMPANY.'
HERE'S WHAT'S COMING UP.
> AS THE TALIBAN ARE ACCUSED OF KILLING A PREGNANT POLICE OFFICER, WHAT LIES AHEAD NOW FOR AFGHANISTAN'S WOMEN?
THEN --
THE ALARMING ROLL BACK OF WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES.ASK FORMER SENATOR CAROL MOSLEY BRAWN ABOUT THE TEXAS TEST CASE.
> IS AMERICA DONE WITH BEING EXCEPTIONAL?
DISCUSSION WITH CORRESPONDENTS.
> THERE WILL BE A LOT OF TURMOIL AND CHANGE.
A VISION OF TOMORROW.
A SCIENTIST IMAGINES A WORLD OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
♪♪♪
> 'AMANPOUR & COMPANY' IS MADE POSSIBLE BY -- SUE AND EDGAR WACHENHEIM III.
CANDACE KING WEIR.
THE CHERYL AND PHILIP MILSTEIN FAMILY.
THE ANDERSON FAMILY FUND.
THE STRAUS FAMILY FOUNDATION.
JIM ATWOOD AND LESLIE WILLIAMS.
BERNARD AND DENISE SCHWARTZ.
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ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY THESE FUNDERS AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.
THANK YOU.
EVERYONE.ME TO THE PROGRAM I'M CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR IN LONDON.
EMERGING HORROR STORIES SHOW THE REAL FEARS FOR WOMEN IN AFGHANISTAN THESE DAYS.
IN ONE CASE TALIBAN MURDER AD PREGNANT POLICE OFFICER IN FRONT OF HER FAMILY THIS WEEKEND.
ACCORDING TO RELATIVES AND LOCAL JOURNALISTS.
THE TALIBAN DENIES IT AND SAYS IT IS LAUNCHING AN INVESTIGATION.
BUT THEY DID VIOLENTLY BREAK UP A WOMAN'S MARCH IN KABUL.
AND IN A DRAMATIC SIGN OF THE NEW SEGREGATION, MEN AND WOMEN SIT SEPARATE BY A CURTAIN IN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS.
TALIBAN'S MINISTRY OF EDUCATION.
NOW, AN AFGHAN REPRESENTATIVE TO THE UNITED NATIONS IN 2020 JOINS US NOW FROM AFGHANISTAN.
WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM.
YOU ARE 26.
YOU ARE STILL IN AFGHANISTAN.
YOU HAVE BEEN AT COLLEGE AND TRYING TO GET YOUR MASTERS ININ.
I'M JUST LAYING ALL THAT OUT.
AS A SORT OF WAY OF SHOWING WHAT'S AT STAKE FOR YOU.
DO YOU BELIEVE THAT YOU CAN PURSUE YOUR GOALS TODAY IN AFGHANISTAN?
WELL THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR HAVING ME.
AS YOU MENTIONED, I WAS TO -- UNITED NATIONS AND ADDITIONALLY I WAS A WORKING WOMAN AND I WAS PURSUING MY MASTERS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
IT IS NEEDED TO BE MENTION I AM BELONG TO A RESTLESS GENERATION, A RESTLESS GENERATION WHO WAS BORN IN WAR, GREW UP IN WAR AND GETTING OLD IN WAR AND PERHAPS AN UNFORTUNATELY MIGHT DIE IN WAR BUT IT IS NEEDED TO MENTION THAT THIS GENERATION IS STILL COMMITTED TO HOPEFUL FOR BETTER AFGHANISTAN.
DUE THE SITUATION IS TOTALLY UNCLEAR AND UNFORTUNATE, BUT WE STILL STRONGLY BELIEVE, FIRMLY BELIEVE THAT WE NEED GET TOGETHER UPHOLD EACH OTHER AND WE NEED TO MAKE THEM UNDERSTAND THAT THEY CANNOT ELIMINATE US FROM THE SCENE AND THEY CANNOT MARGINALIZE US FROM THE SCENE AFGHAN YOUNG WOMEN AND YOUTH HAVE BEEN BRIGHT, THEY HAVE BEEN COMMITTED AND THEY HAVE THIS VERY CLEAR HOPE AND VISION FOR AFGHANISTAN.
DESPITE ALL THE OBSTACLES AND THAT WE AFGHANISTAN FOR THE MOMENT AND DESPITE NEW RULES AND RESTRICTIONS, REGULATIONS -- WE STILL BELIEVE THERE IS ROOM AND THERE IS OPPORTUNITY FOR US TO INFLUENCE THEM WITH THE HELP OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO MAKE THEM UNDERSTAND THAT THEY CANNOT -- THEY CANNOT IGNORE US AND TO ENSURE MEANINGFUL INCLUSION OF AFGHAN WOMEN AND AFGHAN YOUTH INTO POLITICAL AND STRATEGIC DECISIONS.
OKAY.
SO THAT'S REALLY, YOU KNOW, THOSE ARE FIGHTING WORDS.
THEY ARE ALSO WORDS OF COMPROMISE AND WORDS OF HOPE FROM YOUR GENERATION, YOU KNOW, FOR THE FUTURE OF YOUR COUNTRY.
SO I GUESS THE QUESTION IS, I DON'T KNOW WHETHER YOU HAVE HAD TIME TO RMT, YOU KNOW, A PLAN.
BUT THEN HOW DO YOU GO THAT?
I WAS GOING TO ASK YOU WHAT MESSAGE DO YOU TAKE FROM THE TALIBAN IN THE KILLING OF THE POLICEWOMAN.
THEY DENY IT BUT NONETHELESS HER FAMILY SAYS THAT'S WHAT HAPPENED.
YOU SEE IN THE WOMEN'S RIGHTS MARCHES, SMALL ONES BEING BROKEN UP, SOME VIOLENTLY, OVER THE WEEKEND.
YOU SAW THE HEAVY DUTY SEGREGATION IN EDUCATION FACILITIES RIGHTS NOW.
HOW DO YOU AS A YOUNG WOMAN PLAN TO GET THEM TO OR PLAN TO WORK WITH THEM TO BE ABLE TO CONTINUE YOUR DREAMS THERE?
WELL ONE THING VERY OBVIOUS THAT AFGHAN WOMEN AND THIS GENERATION IS TOTALLY DIFFERENT FROM THE 90s, AND THEY ARE COURAGEOUS.
THEY HAVE THE COURAGE.
THEY ARE OUTSPOKEN.
THEY ARE BRAVE ENOUGH TO COME OUT AND TO SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES AND SPEAK FOR EVERYONE AROUND THEM.
I'D STRONGLY BELIEVE THAT THROUGH MY VOICE, THROUGH MY PRESENCE, THROUGH MY ABILITIES AND SKILLS NOT ONLY ME BUT ALL MY FRIENDS AND MY -- MY GENERATION, THEY CAN CONVINCE TALIBAN, SPECIALLY KEEPING IN MIND THAT IF THEY ELIMINATE -- THEY WILL NOT RECEIVE ANY SUPPORT OR THEY WILL NOT GET LEGITIMACY FROM INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY.
SO THEY ARE -- THEY HAVE TO, THEY MUST RECOGNIZE US.
I THINK WE NEED TO SEEK INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITIES' ASSISTANCE IN ORDER TO OBSERVE WOMEN'S SECURITY IN AFGHANISTAN, IN ORDER TO GET ASSURANCE THAT THEY WILL NOT SIDE LINE AFGHAN WOMEN.
WITH THE HELP OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND WITH OUR OWN STRUGGLES FROM VERY BASIC THINGS TO VERY BIG THINGS, WE CAN ASSURE THAT THEY GIVE US WHAT WE REALLY DESERVE AND WHAT WE REALLY OWN.
I STRONGLY BELIEVE THAT THIS IMPORTANT AND THESE ARE VERY BEGINNING STEPS FOR TO CONFRONT THEM, TO MAKE THEM UNDERSTAND THAT WE EXIST HERE AND WE WILL NOT KEEP SILENT AND NOT REACT TO WHATEVER ARE DOING.
DUE TO REGARDING THIS --
SO --
-- STEPS AND REGULATIONS ARE ANNOUNCING, I THINK WE CAN CHANGE THAT AS WELL.
BUT OF COURSE WE WILL NEED TIME SINCE WE ARE STILL LIVING IN A POLITICALLY VACUUM.
THERE IS NO POLITICAL SYSTEM OR LEADERSHIP OR GOVERNMENT.
WE NEED TIME, OF COURSE.
ALL SIDES AND PARTIES INVOLVED IN AFGHANISTAN NEED TIME TO REACH TO A POINT THAT THEY DISCUSS VIOLENT THINGS AND PROMINENT ISSUES.
OKAY.
SO SOME OF THE WOMEN WHO TOOK PART IN THE WEEKEND DEMONSTRATIONS, YOU KNOW, THEY TRIED TO DO WHAT YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT RIGHT NOW.
TRIED TO TAKE THE TALIBAN AT THEIR WORD.
TRIED TO GO OUT ONTO THE STREETN STILL WORK AND, YOU KNOW, WOMEN ARE PART OF THE AFGHAN COMMUNITY.
BUT LISTEN TO THE REACTION OF ONE OF THE WOMEN.
Translator: TOGETHER WITH THE GROUP OF OUR COLLEAGUES, WE WANTED TO GO NEAR THE FORMER GOVERNMENT OFFICE FARCE PROTEST.
BUT BEFORE WE GOT THERE, THE TALIBAN HIT WOMEN WITH ELECTRIC TASERS AND THEY USED TEAR GAS AGAINST WOMEN.
THEY ALSO HIT WOMEN ON THE HEAD WITH A GUN MAGAZINE.
AND THE WOMEN BECAME BLOODY.
THERE WAS NO ONE TO ASK WHY.
SO I KNOW THAT YOU HAVE BEEN TELLING ME THAT YOU THINK THAT YOU CAN OVERCOME THIS.
BY SOMEHOW, YOU KNOW, LETTING GOING TO STAND UP FOR YOURRE RIGHTS AND THAT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WON'T COOPERATE WITH THEM UNLESS THEYS RIGHTS.
YOU KNOW, I STILL WONDER WHETHER THAT'S BRAVE TALK AT THE MOMENT.
AND I WONDER WHETHER WHEN PUSH COMES TO SHOVE, DO YOU BELIEVE THAT THE CURRENT -- YOUR CURRENT GENERATION -- AND THE NUMBERS ARE STAGGERING.
YOU SAID THREE QUARTERS OF AFGHANS ARE UNDER THE AGE OF 25.
WHICH MEANS ALMOST NONE OF THEM, THE MAJORITY OF THE COUNTRY HAVE NO RECOLLECTION OF THE LAST TIME THE TALIBAN WAS IN POWER AND AS YOU SAY THEY HAVE CHANGED.
BUT WHAT IF THEY CONTINUE THE VIOLENCE?
DO YOU THINK PEOPLE WILL JUST HAVE TO ACCOMMODATE, GO BACK UNDERGROUND, YOU KNOW, IN A SIMILAR WAY THEY DID BACK IN THE NINETIES?
BEFORE ANSWERING THIS QUESTION, I WOULD LIKE TO MENTION THAT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT AFGHAN WOMEN THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF AFGHAN WOMEN.
THE OUTSPOKEN ONES AND THE COURAGEOUS ONES WHO HAVE THIS ABILITY AND HAVE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO COME OUT AND TO SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES AND THE OTHER TYPE OF AFGHAN WOMEN ARE THE MARGINALIZED ONE WHO HAVE BEEN IN A VERY BAD SITUATION SINCE PAST TWO DECADES IN CONFLICT ZONES AND URBAN AREAS AND REMOTE AREAS.
WE NEED TO CONSIDER WHEN WE TALK ABOUT AFGHAN WOMEN WE NEED TO CONSIDER BOTH TYPE OF AFGHAN WOMEN AND ANY ACTION AND ANY DECISION SHOULD BRING AMENDMENTS AND BETTERMENT TO THE LIVES OF BOTH TYPE OF AFGHAN WOMEN.
PROTESTS AND CONFLICT, CLASH WHICH HAPPENED BETWEEN AFGHAN WOMEN AND TALIBAN, THERE ARE SOME POINTS THAT, FOR EXAMPLE, THE FIGHTERS THAT ARE ROAMING AROUND IN KABUL, THEY ARE THE VERY -- LIKE THEY ARE FIGHTERS.
THEY ARE SOLDIERS.
THEY HAVE BEEN IN BATTLE AND ALL OF A SUDDEN THEY CAME TO KABUL AND THEY DON'T KNOW HOW TO BEHAVE WITH PEOPLE AND ESPECIALLY WITH WOMAN.
I THINK THIS TIME TALIBAN GOVERNMENT MUST REALIZE THAT THEY HAVE NO OTHER OPTION BUT TO GIVE THE GOD-GIVEN RIGHTS OF AFGHAN WOMEN.
OBVIOUSLY THIS WILL TAKE TIME.
THIS WILL TAKE LOTS OF MONITORING BY INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, AFGHAN CIVIL SOCIETY, AFGHAN WOMEN ACTIVISTS IN ORDER TO ENSURE THEY ARE ACTUALLY DOING WHAT THEY ARE SAYING.
THEY ARE MAKING PROMISES.
IN ORDER TO BELIEVE THEY ARE
ALL RIGHT.GE, WE NEED -- OKAY.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
AND THE REAL QUESTION AS WE GO FORWARD IS WHO IN FACT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WILL KEEP ITS EYE ON THE BALL IN AFGHANISTAN AS WOMEN LIKE HER AND SO MANY OTHER CIVILIANS ARE HOPING THEY WILL DO, HOLD THEM ACCOUNTABLE TO WHAT THEY SAY.
OF COURSE AS FIRST LADY, HILLARY CLINTON'S ROUSING SPEECH AT THE U.N. CONFERENCE ON WOMEN IN 1995 SET THE STAGE IN THE GLOBAL BATTLE FOR EQUALITY.
IF THERE IS ONE MESSAGE THAT ECHOES FORTH FROM THIS CONFERENCE, LET IT BE THAT HUMAN RIGHTS ARE WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND WOMEN'S RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS ONCE AND FOR ALL.
SO NOW WE LOOK AT HOW THOSE RIGHTS ARE HOLDING UP CLOSER TO HOME IN THE UNITED STATES.
SOMETHING THAT'S BECOME A FLASH POINT OF COURSE WITH THE RECENT PASSAGE OF A TEXAS LAW WHICH ALL BUT BANS THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE WHICH WAS GUARANTEED BY ROE V.
WADE IN 1973.
AND WITH SIMILAR CASE ON THE HORIZON FEARS ARE RISING AMONGST MANY AMERICAN WOMEN AND ACTIVISTS THAT THIS MIGHT JUST BE THE BEGINNING.
AND I'VE BEEN SPEAKING AND GETTING VALUABLE PERSPECTIVE FROM FORMER ILLINOIS SENATOR CAROL MOSLEY BRAUN WHO HERSELF MADE HIS BECOMING THE FIRST FEMALE AFRICAN AMERICAN U.S.
SENATOR.
SENATOR, WELCOME BOOK OUR PROGRAM.
YOU KNOW NOBODY MAKING COMPARISONS, OBVIOUSLY, BETWEEN AFGHANISTAN AND AMERICA.
HOWEVER IT IS GLARINGLY OBVIOUS THAT WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN MANY AREAS ARE UNDER ASSAULT AND ARE BEING ROLLED BACK.
WOULD YOU AGREE WITH THAT STATEMENT?
I WOULD.
AND THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR HAVING ME.
I WELCOME THE OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE THIS CONVERSATION BECAUSE IT IS AN IMPORTANT ONE FOR THE WORLD.
AND PARTICULARLY FOR AMERICAN WOMEN WHO MAY NOT SEE THE PARALLELS AND THE CONNECTION BETWEEN WHAT'S GOING ON IN AFGHANISTAN AND WHAT'S GOING ON IN TEXAS.
BUT THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS YOU CAN DRAW STRAIGHT LINE FROM ONE TO THE OTHER.
AND IT ALL -- IT HAS TO DO WITH IT GOES BACK ACTUALLY TO SOME MEDIEVAL LEGAL PRECEPTS THAT HAVE BEEN AROUND FOREVER AND THAT WE THOUGHT WE WERE CHANGING.
I GUESS NOT AS MUCH CHANGE AS WE THOUGHT WE HAD.
YOU KNOW SENATOR, JUST WHAT YOU JUST SAID IS GOING TO CREATE SHOCK WAVES IN THE REPUBLICAN AND PROBABLY CONSERVATIVE CIRCLES.
BUT I JUST WOULD LIKE YOU TO EXPLAIN SORT OF WHAT YOU MEAN.
BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY IN AFGHANISTAN, YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE GOT ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALIST GROUP THAT HAVE TAKEN OVER AGAIN.
THEY DON'T HAVE THE SAME CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES DESPITE THE RIGHTS THAT THEY HAVE WON OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS AS WOMEN IN AMERICA.
HOW SIGNIFICANT IS IT THAT SOMETHING THAT WAS GUARANTEED, ROE V. WADE BY THE SUPREME COURT, BY THE CONSTITUTION, FOR THE WOMEN OF AMERICA, DESPITE THE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS FAULT LINES AROUND IT, HOW SIGNIFICANT IS IT FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN GENERAL GOING FORWARD?
BECAUSE TEXAS WAS JUST A TEST CASE.
THERE IS ANOTHER ONE COMING UP IN THE FALL.
IT IS A VERY SIGNIFICANT CHANGE AND VERY SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE.
AND PEOPLE NEED TO WAKE UP AND PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT'S GOING ON HERE.
THE FACT IS WHEN I REFERRED TO ANCIENT ANTIQUE LEGAL DOCTRINES, THE WHOLE IDEA OF CULTURE WHICH EXISTED FROM THE MIDDLE AGES THAT SAID WOMEN COULD NOT MAKE DECISIONS FOR THEMSELVES, TOO SMALL BRAINED TO MAKE A DECISION.
IT IS ONE OF THE UNDERPINNINGS OF MALE SUPREMACY.
AND IT IS ONE OF THE UNDERPINNINGS ALSO OF WHITE SUPREMACY.
IT IS THE SAME STUFF.
SO THE IDEA THAT SOMEONE HAS TO MAKE DECISIONS FOR YOU AND YOU ARE NOT CAPABLE OF MAKING DECISIONS FOR YOUR OWN LIFE IS DEEPLY ROOTED IN OUR LEGAL SYSTEM.
SO THAT IS WHAT IS BEING CHALLENGED FRANKLY ACROSS BOARD.
AND IT IS NOT JUST TEXAS.
IT IS REALLY -- IT REALLY IS AN IDEOLOGICAL, A CULTURAL TOUCHSTONE, THAT PEOPLE, FRANKLY, HAVE BEEN DEBATING ABOUT AND ARGUING ABOUT.
AND YOU MENTION GUARANTEES IN THE CONSTITUTION.
ROE WAS A DECISION IN THE SUPREME COURT.
IT WAS NOT A GUARANTEE.
IS JUST LIKE PRESS VERSUS FERGUSON DID THE SAME THING, SAID THAT BLACK PEOPLE HAD NO RIGHTS AT ALL AND ENSCONCED WHITE SUPREMACY, THIS ISSUE OF ROE BEING OVERTURNED BY THE SUPREME COURT IS ONE THAT IS VERY SIGNIFICANT AND WE NEED TO LOOK CLOSE AT IT AND PAY ATTENTION.
BE ALERT AND RECOGNIZE WHAT THE CHALLENGE THAT IT IS TO OUR LIBERTIES.
BECAUSE AT THE END OF THE DAY IDEA THAT WOMEN'S RIGHT OR HUMAN RIGHTS IS EXACTLY THE POINT.
IT IS A MATTER OF LIBERTY AND FREEDOM TO MAKE DECISIONS FOR YOURSELF ABOUT YOUR OWN LIFE AND ABOUT YOUR OWN BODY.
AND THE FACT IS THAT THAT'S UNDER ASSAULT RIGHT NOW IN THE UNITED STATES.
IT IS SHOCKING BUT IT IS THE REALITY WE'RE FACING.
SO SENATOR, IT IS ALSO A FACT THAT THOSE WHO COMMITTED TO THIS ISSUE IN TERMS OF TRYING TO OVERTURN ROE V. WADE OR SEVERELY LIMIT IT HAVE BEEN AT IT FOR A LONG TIME.
AS YOU SAID, AND I WAS WRONG IT IS THE SUPREME COURT DECISION, NOT CONSTITUTIONAL.
IT WAS PASSED IN 1973.
BUT SINCE THEN OVER 1,300 ABORTION RESTRICTIONS HAVE BEEN ENACTED.
MORE THAN 560 SINCE 2011.
AND HERE IS WHAT ONE OF THE VERY COMMITTED ACTIVISTS HAS JUST SAID.
THEY HAVE SPENT A LONG TIME TRYING TO LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR WHAT'S GOING ON RIGHT NOW.
THIS HAS BEEN THE CRUX OF OUR POLITICAL STRATEGY FOR DECADES.
IT HAS BEEN TO ELECT PRO LIFE PRESIDENT, PRO LIFE SENATORS AND PUT THESE PRO LIFE LEGISLATORS SO THEY COULD NOMINATE AND CONFIRM PRO LIFE SUPREME COURT JUSTICES.
SO THAT IS THE VICE PRESIDENT OF COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE SUSAN B.
ANTHONY LIST.
THAT IS THEIR MISSION.
AND THEY HAVE SUCCEEDED.
SO POLITICALLY, HAVE THEY OUTPLAYED YOU AND THE WOMEN OF AMERICA?
WELL, CHRISTIAN I HAVE TO SAY THIS.
THEY HAVE OUTPLAYED THOSE OF US WHO BELIEVE CHOICE IS IS A MATTER OF PERSONAL FREEDOM.
THEY REALLY HAVE AND THEY HAVE WON THAT ARGUMENT.
IT IS SHAMEFUL TO HAVE TO ADMIT BUT IT IS TRUE THEY HAVE WON THAT ARGUMENT.
AND I ACTUALLY HAD A FRIEND OF MINE YESTERDAY, A MALE, ASK ME, HE SAID TO EVERYONE WOMAN HE HAD TALKED TO IN THE LAST COUPLE OF HOURS HAD TOLD HIM THEY HAD HAD AN ABORTION.
BUT WOMAN WHO HAD ABORTIONS WON'T ADMIT TO IT.
AND THEY WON'T ADMIT TO IT FRANKLY BECAUSE IT IS SO -- IT CUTS AGAINST GRAIN ON SO MANY DIFFERENT CULTURAL POINTS, NOT THE MENTION RELIGIOUS ONES.
AND SO -- AND SO IT IS REALLY IS IS A BIGGER BATTLE THAN JUST A SINGLE CASE AND BIGGER BATTLE THAN JUST A SINGLE PERSON OR A SINGLE ISSUE.
IT REALLY DOES GO, CULTURE TRUMPS POLITICS.
AND IT GOES TO CULTURE AND IT GOES TO NOT JUST HERE BUT THAT IS THE CONNECTION WITH AFGHANISTAN.
IT IS NOT JUST HERE.
IT IS IN THE MUSLIM WORLD AS WELL.
AND THE IDEA THAT WOMEN ARE TO BE TOLD HOW TO LIVE THEIR LIVES AND ARE TO BE TOLD HOW TO FUNCTION AND CAN'T MAKE DECISIONS FOR THEMSELVES, THAT'S VERY FUNDAMENTAL.
AND THAT'S A BRIGHT LINE DIVISION IN TERMS OF MIND SETS, POLITICAL MIND SETS WHEREVER IN THE WORLD YOU MIGHT BE.
AND I JUST DON'T KNOW -- I DON'T KNOW WHERE WE'RE GOING TO GO WITH THIS.
IT DOES LOOK LIKE THE PRO CHOICE PEOPLE ARE LOSING THIS BATTLE, LOSING THE ARGUMENT.
AND THAT'S I THINK FOR ME THAT'S TRAGIC.
I'M SAYING AT MY AGE CHOICE IS A HYPOTHETICAL.
IT IS NOT THAT I HAVE A PERSONAL INVESTMENT IN THIS.
EXCEPT TO BE SAID THAT I WANT TO SEE EVERY WOMAN FREE TO MAKE HER OWN DECISIONS ABOUT HER OWN BODY.
AND THERE IS NO REASON WHY A WOMAN SHOULD NOT BE ABLE TO DO THAT WHICH IS FUNDAMENTAL FOR MEN, WHICH IS TO MAKE THEIR OWN DECISIONS ABOUT THEIR PERSONHOOD.
AND AGAIN, IT IS ONE OF THE UNDERPINNINGS OF MALE SUPREMACY OR MISOGYNY AND THAT IS THE BRIGHT LINE BETWEEN TEXAS AND AFGHANISTAN.
YOU WERE FIRST BLACK FEMALE SENATOR EVER ELECTED TO THE UNITED STATES SENATE.
AND I WONDER WHETHER YOU -- I KNOW YOU SAID THIS IS NOT SOMETHING FOR YOUR GENERATION, BUT YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WOMEN ARE PROTECTED IN THEIR FREEDOM OF CHOICE.
CAN YOU SEE A POLITICAL BATTLE OR A POLITICAL BACKLASH MOUNTING?
BECAUSE I SAID THERE IS ANOTHER TEST CASE IN MISSISSIPPI COMING UP IN THE FALL.
AND THEN YOU HAVE A MIDTERM ELECTIONS THE FOLLOWING YEAR.
DO YOU THINK DEMOCRATS AND WOMEN IN GENERAL WILL MOBILIZE POLITICALLY?
BECAUSE LET'S FACE IT.
THERE IS STILL A MAJORITY VIEW IN THE UNITED STATES FOR FREEDOM OF CHOICE.
RIGHT.
AND THAT IS THE QUESTION.
CHRISTIANE.
I DON'T KNOW WHAT'S GONNA HAPPEN.
I DON'T HAVE A CRYSTAL BALL.
BUT THAT'S THE QUESTION, WHETHER OR NOT THERE IS GOING TO BE A BACKLASH, WHETHER OR NOT WOMEN ARE GOING TO START TO STAND UP FOR THEMSELVES AND SAY WE'RE DONE WITH THIS BEING TOLD WHAT TO DO WITH OUR BODIES, WE'RE DONE BEING TOLD HOW TO LIVE OUR LIVES, WE ARE -- THIS IS NOT SOMETHING THE CHURCH OR ANYBODY ELSE HAS ANYTHING TO DO WITH.
THINK HOW MANY BILLIONS OF DOLLARS HAVE BEEN SPENT BEHIND THE PRO-LIFE MOVEMENT.
YOU KNOW, PRO LIFE, BEHIND THE ANTI-ABORTION MOVEMENT.
ITS BEEN A LOT -- THERE IS A LOT OF MONEY, LOT OF ATTENTION, A LOT OF MAJOR STRUCTURES.
YOU HAVE RIGHT NOW THE CATHOLIC CHURCH THREATENING TO NOT GIVE COMMUNION TO OUR PRESIDENT.
WHO EVER HEARD OF SUCH A THING?
THIS IS JUST AN OUTRAGE IN MY OPINION.
BUT THAT IS -- THAT'S WHERE WE ARE AND SO THE QUESTION IS, TO WHAT EXTENT WILL THE PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE IN FREEDOM STAND UP FOR WOMEN'S FREEDOM TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT THEIR BODIES?
AND THAT IS THE ISSUE THAT WE'RE GOING TO BE FACING.
I JUST WANT TO ASK YOU ANOTHER DETAIL ABOUT THIS TEXAS LAW, WHICH ESSENTIALLY BYPASSES ALL SORT OF GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES.
AND SUPREME COURT STATES SILENT ON THE MOLDTIES OF IT BUT EMPOWERS WHAT MIGHT BE CALLED INTERESTED PARTIES, SOME MIGHT CALL VIGILANTES THAT DISAGREE WITH WHAT A WOMAN MIGHT DO AND THEN CAN REAP A BOUNTY BY BRINGING A SUIT AGAINST A WOMAN WHO MIGHT CHOOSE TO HAVE AN ABORTION.
AND NOT JUST THAT, SUE EVERYBODY AROUND WHO QUOTE/UNQUOTE AIDS AND ABETS RIGHT UP TO THE TAXI DRIVER WHO MAY OR MAY NOT DRIVE HER TO THE HOSPITAL.
WHAT ACTUALLY IN TERMS OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND JUST DAILY LIFE, WHAT DO YOU THINK THAT COULD SPARK?
WELL LET ME SAY THIS CHRISTIANE.
BEING BOTH BLACK AND FEMALE, YOU GET TO SEE BOTH SIDES OF THIS ISSUE AND GET TO SEE A LOT OF PARALLELS AND CONNECTIONS THAT OTHERS MIGHT NOT APPRECIATE.
IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT, IN THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES THERE WAS A TIME WHEN A PERSON COULD MAKE MONEY BY TURNING IN THE RUNWAY SLAVE.
ONE OF THE THINGS I'M PROUD OF IN TERMS OF MY SENATE TENURE.
I PASS AD LEGISLATION CALLING FOR PRESERVATION OF UNDERGROUND RAILROAD.
AND THE FACT IS THAT PEOPLE HAD TO SLIP AWAY UNDER COVER OF -- DARKNESS TO GET TO FREEDOM.
EVEN -- THEY WERE HUMAN BEINGS.
BUT HUMAN BEINGS HAD TO SLIP AWAY UNDER COVER OF DARKNESS TO GET TO FREEDOM AND IF ANYONE TURNED THEM IN THEY WOULD GET REWARDED.
AND, YOU KNOW, THE HISTORY DOES REPEAT ITSELF.
SO WHAT WE'RE LOOKING AT IS REPETITION OF HISTORY.
INSTEAD OF BLACK PEOPLE, IT HAS TO DO WITH WOMEN.
AND IT IS THE SAME STUFF.
IF YOU ASK ME.
AND FRANKLY, ANY HISTORIAN WILL TELL YOU IT IS THE SAME STUFF.
BECAUSE EXACTLY THE FUTURE SLAVE ACT.
THE GUY I REPLACED IN THE SENATE.
THE SENATOR WHO HAD BEEN THERE BEFORE HAD SPONSORED THE FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT.
SO I WAS REALLY PROUD WHEN I SAT DOWN IN THAT SEAT FOR THE FIRST TIME IG THOUGHT HERE I AM A HUNDRED YEARS LATER REPLACING SOMEONE WHO THOUGHT IT WAS A GOOD THING TO PAY VIGILANTES TO TURN TO TURN IN RUN AWAY SLAVES.
AND I FELT SO GOOD ABOUT THAT.
AND SO HERE WE ARE REPEATING THE SAME THING AGAIN.
THIS TIME INSTEAD OF BLACK, YOU CAN JUST SUBSTITUTE WOMEN.
YOU KNOW THE FUGITIVE FEMALE ACT.
RIGHT?
IT IS THE SAME STUFF, REPEATING ITSELF IN ANOTHER WAY.
AND I JUST THINK THAT AGAIN, IT DEPENDS ON HOW INCENSED WOMEN ARE ABOUT BEING TREATED LIKE THIS, THAT WHETHER OR NOT THERE IS GOING TO BE A BACKLASH, WHETHER OR NOT THERE IS GOING TO BE ANY RESPONSE, AND I CERTAINLY HOPE FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, I'M VERY MUCH, I VERY MUCH BELIEVE WOMEN SHOULD BE ABLE TO CHOOSE FOR THEMSELVES WHAT IS DO WITH THEIR BODIES.
BUT I HOPE THAT THESE YOUNG WOMEN WILL NOT LET THIS STAND.
WILL NOT LET THIS PASS.
WILL STAND UP TO THE SUPREME COURT, TO THE CHURCH, TO WHOEVER AND SAY GET YOUR HANDS OFF MY BODY.
IT IS UP TO ME TO DECIDE WHETHER OR NOT I WANT TO BE PREGNANT OR NOT.
AND I THINK THAT IS ONLY FAIR.
SENATOR CAROL MOSLEY BRAUN.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SPENDING SOME OF YOUR LABOR DAY WITH US.
THANK YOU.
MY PLEASURE.
THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
> OF COURSE THE RIGHT OF WOMEN AT HOME AND IN AFGHANISTAN ARE AMONG THE MANY CHALLENGES CONFRONTING PRESIDENT BIDEN THESE DAYS.
SO WITH HIS DOMESTIC AGENDA ON A KNIVES EDGE AND GLOBALLY ALLIES EVEN ADVERSARIES WONDERING WHERE AMERICA GOES FROM HERE, WE TURN TO A PAIR OF POWERHOUSE JOURNALISTS WHO ARE ALSO MARRIED AND CO-AUTHORS.
SUSAN GLASSER AND PETER BAKER.
THEIR LATEST BOOK ON THE FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE JAMES BAKER, NO RELATION, IS CALLED 'THE MAN WHO RAN WASHINGTON' AND IT IS OUT IN PAPERBACK TOMORROW.
THEY BOTH JOIN ME NOW.
WELCOME TO THE PROGRAM.
WELCOME BACK TO THE PROGRAM.
WE HAVE SPOKEN AND REALLY ENJOYED YOUR INSIGHTS INTO JAMES BAKER WHEN THE BOOK FIRST CAME OUT.
AND IT IS A GREAT OPPORTUNITY, I GUESS TO GO RIGHT AHEAD AND ASK YOU.
THE MAN WHO RAN WASHINGTON.
WOULD HE HAVE DONE A BETTER JOB RUNNING THE PULLOUT OF AFGHANISTAN THAN THE CURRENT CROP?
WELL THANK YOU CHRISTIANE AND THANKS SO MUCH FOR HAVING US.
YOU KNOW IT IS REALLY INTERESTING.
BAKER ACTUALLY IS STILL AROUND AT AGE 91.
WE SPOKE WITH HIM EARLIER THIS YEAR AFTER PRESIDENT BIDEN MADE THE DECISION TO WITHDRAW FROM AFGHANISTAN.
AND HE WAS VERY SUPPORTIVE OF IT, AS YOU KNOW MANY AMERICANS BOTH RIGHT AND LEFT ACROSS THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM WERE.
BAKER CERTAINLY PRIDED HIMSELF ON EXUDING NOT JUST A KIND OF REALISM WHEN IT CAME TO FOREIGN POLICY BUT ALSO WAS FAMOUS FOR HIS COMPETENCE.
AND IN PARTICULAR FOR CONSULTING WITH ALLIES.
I THINK THAT MORE THAN ANYTHING.
CRISIS CAN HAPPEN, THERE CAN BE A BREAKDOWN IN TERMS OF PLANNING FOR THINGS.
THAT CAN HAPPEN TO ANY ADMINISTRATION, ESPECIALLY IN THE FIRST YEAR BUT IT SEEMS TO ME THAT ONE THING BAKER PROBABLY WOULD HAVE DONE DIFFERENTLY IS WORK THE ALLY, MANY OF WHOM FOR VERY DISTRAUGHT ABOUT THE EXECUTION OF IT.
AND PETER, CLEARLY IN AMERICA THERE IS THE CONSENSUS THAT THIS SHOULD HAVE HAPPENED.
BUT OBVIOUSLY THERE IS ALSO THE CONSENSUS IT WAS INCOMPETENT AND IT WAS COMPLETELY CHAOTIC.
WHAT DO YOU THINK BEYOND CONSULTING WITH ALLIES, OR FILL IN THE DETAIL.
WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE DO YOU THINK TO MAKE IT LESS CHAOTIC AND VIOLENT AND VERY DANGEROUS WITHDRAWAL, PARTICULARLY FOR AMERICA'S ALLIES AND AS WE'VE SEEN AFGHANISTAN'S WOMEN?
YEAH, I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS THAT MADE THIS A SURPRISE WAS BECAUSE JOE BIDEN RAN ON THE IDEA OF BEING A COMPETENT PRESIDENT AFTER FOUR YEARS OF A PRESIDENT WHO DIDN'T SEEM THE KNOW HOW GOVERNMENT WORKED.
RIGHT?
JOE BIDEN HAS BEEN IN NATIONAL POLITICS FIFTY YEARS.
CHAIRMAN OF THE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE.
VICE PRESIDENT FOR EIGHT YEARS.
AND THERE WAS THE ASSUMPTION, CERTAINLY PROMOTED BY THE BIDEN CAMPAIGN THEY WOULD HANDLE THINGS IN A MORE MATURE AND COMPETENT AND EFFECTIVE WAY.
SO I THINK THAT IS ONE OF THE REASONS WHY THIS HAS BEEN A PROBLEM FOR HIM.
AND I THINK HE SET HIMSELF UP TO SOME EXTENT WITH HIS PREDICTIONS, HE SAID THERE WAS NO CIRCUMSTANCE.
HE SAID THERE WAS VERY HIGHLY UNLIKELY TALIBAN WOULD TAKE OVER VERY QUICKLY.
HE SAID THIS WOULD BE AN ORDERLY WITHDRAWAL AND IT WASN'TFULLY OF THOSE THINGS BUT THERE ARE SOME THINGS PEOPLE ARE LOOKING BACK ON.
COULD THEY HAVE DONE IT LATER IN THE YEAR.
COULD THEY HAVE DONE BETTER JOB MAKING SURE AFGHAN ALLIES AND AMERICANS WERE BEFORE TROOPS BEGAN PULLING OUT.
GHANI ASKED THEM NOT TO DO IT.
CERTAINLY THEY DID NOT FORESEE WHAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN BECAUSE IF THEY HAD THEY WOULD HAVE HANDLED IT DIFFERENTLY.
AND I JUST WONDER WHETHER -- I MEAN, THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS THAT THIS BEGAN UNDER TRUMP AND WHAT THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION DID WAS TO CUT OUT THE ACTUAL ELECTED GOVERNMENT OF AFGHANISTAN AND BASICALLY HAND THE NEGOTIATING UPPER HAND TO THE TALIBAN.
I JUST THINK IT IS STILL WORTH PROBING.
BECAUSE JAMES BAKER WAS AROUND.
OBVIOUSLY, YOU KNOW, HE WAS RESPONSIBLE, CHIEF OF STAFF AND CAMPAIGN MANAGER FOR RONALD REAGAN, SECRETARY OF STATE, TREASURY ALL REST.
IN THE FIRST GULF WAR THERE WERE HUGE NUMBERS OF CONSULTATIONS THAT HAPPENED TO HAPPEN WITH ORNERY ALLIES AND ANNIVERSARIES.
THERE IS A SENSE OF INEPTITUDE, SOME ANALYSTS ARE SAYING, IN TERMS OF GLOBAL POLITICS RIGHT NOW, COVID, AFGHANISTAN, ALL THE REST OF IT JUST TO GET, MAYBE SUSAN GIVE US AN IDEA OF THE OLD SCHOOL KIND OF MACHINATIONS THAT SOMEBODY PRAGMATIC AND CONSENSUAL AND NEGOTIATING LIKE JAMES BAKER MIGHT HAVE DONE IN THIS CASE.
YOU KNOW CHRISTIAN I'M REALLY GLAD YOU BROUGHT UP THE ACTUAL DEAL ITSELF WITH THE TALIBAN THAT WAS NEGOTIATED BY THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, AND THAT THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION AND PRESIDENT BIDEN DECIDED TO STICK WITH WHILE PUSHING BACK THE TIMETABLE A FEW MONTHS, BECAUSE I THINK THAT IS A HUGE DIFFERENCE.
AND IT IS HARD TO IMAGINE JIM BAKER EVER AGREEING TO A DEAL LIKE THAT.
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IN OUR RESEARCH OVER A NUMBER OF YEARS FOR THE BOOK BECAME CLEAR IS THAT HIS GIFT FOR MAKING A DEAL WAS NOT ONLY UNDERSTANDING WHERE THERE WAS THE NARROW OPENING THAT OTHERS MIGHT NOT PERCEIVE BUT ALSO UNDERSTANDING THAT IF ALL PARTIES TO THE AGREEMENT DIDN'T FEEL THAT THEY CAME AWAY FROM IT NOT HAVING HAD, YOU KNOW, THEIR POCKET PICKED OR NOT HAVING BEEN FORCED TO PAY AN UNACCEPTABLE PRICE THAT THE DEAL WASN'T ACTUALLY GOING TO STICK.
AND I THINK THAT'S WHAT YOU HAVE HERE, BY CUTTING OUT THE GHANI GOVERNMENT, WHICH WAS THE TALIBAN'S ASSISTANTS THROUGHOUT, YOU HAD A SITUATION WHERE YOU HAD ALREADY UNDERCUT PEOPLE WHOSE PROBLEM WAS ALREADY THAT THEY WERE SEEN AS DEPENDENT ON THE UNITED STATES.
SO IN THAT SENSE VIEWED ALSO FROM A PRACTICAL SENSE WHAT DID THE DEAL SAY?
THE DEAL WAS VAGUE ON WHAT THE TALIBAN HAD TO DO BUT IT WAS CLEAR WHAT THE AMERICANS HAD TO DO.
THEY HAD TO GET ESSENTIALLY LEAN ON THE AFGHANS TO RELEASE 5,000 PRISONERS WHO THEN SEEDED THE MILITARY CAMPAIGN AGAINST THEM.
IN FACT THE NEW LEADER, DE FACTO LEADER OF AFGHANISTAN RIGHT NOW.
THERE IS NO LEGALLY RECOGNIZED GOVERNMENT, IS FARAGAR WHO WAS RELEASED BY PAKISTAN AT THE ASSISTANCE OF THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION IN ORDER TO HAVE SOMEONE TO NEGOTIATE WITH.
AND I WOULD FIND THAT INCONCEIVABLE TO SOMEONE LIKE BAKER WHO UNDERSTOOD A DEAL ISN'T REALLY A DEAL IF YOU ARE JUST USING TO IT ANNOUNCE SOMETHING AND MOVE ON.
YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND ALL PARTIES FOR DEAL TO STICK.
AND ONE OF THE THINGS TRUMP SAID AND NEVER HAPPENED BECAUSE AFTER THIS DEAL WITH THE TALIBAN THERE WOULD BE FOLLOW ON NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE AFGHAN GOVERNMENT.
THAT REALLY NEVER HAPPEN.
THERE NEVER WAS AN NEGOTIATED PEACE SETTLE.
AND I THINK PEOPLE DON'T REALLY UNDERSTAND THAT.
CERTAINLY WE CAN ASK THE QUESTION WHY DID BIDEN STICK WIT AND THAT IS QUESTION FOR HIM.
YEAH, AND I GUESS NOW WHAT DOES IT MEAN GOING FORWARD?
YOU ARE A FORMER WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT, PETER.
WHAT KIND OF LEVERAGE DOES THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HAVE THESE DAYS?
WHAT KIND OF ABILITY DOES HE HAVE TO MARSHALL HIS NATO ALLIES AND OTHERS.
YOU MAY HAVE HERD OUR FIRST GUEST SAYING I'M STAYING.
WE'RE GOING TO HOLD THE TALIBAN TO THEIR PROMISES TO US AS WOMEN AND WE'RE GOING TO HOLD THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITIES TO THEIR PROMISES TO HOLD THE TALIBAN ACCOUNTABLE.
IS THERE ANY HOPE THAT WILL ACTUALLY HAPPEN?
OR WILL THE I REMOVE ITSELF FROM THE BALL VERY SOON AGAIN?
FIRST WE HAVE A LOT LESS LEVERAGE TODAY THAN WE DID MONTHS AGO.
NOT ONLY DO WE NOT HAVE MILITARY FORCES ON GROUND, NOT ONLY DO WE NOT HAVE INTELLIGENCE ASSETS ON THE GROUND, WE DON'T VAN EMBASSY, UNITED STATES THERE ANYMORE.
THERE IS NOT EVEN A DIPLOMATIC PRESENCE TO ASSERT ANY KIND OF ACCOUNTABILITY ON TALIBAN.
OBVIOUSLY THE PRESIDENT DOES HAVE TOOLS.
WE HAS ECONOMIC TOOLS.
HE HAS DIPLOMATIC TOOLS IN TERMS OF THE NEIGHBORS AND THE REGION.
BUT WE'RE IN A MUCH DIFFERENT PLACE THAN A FEW MONTHS AGO.
AND I THINK YOU ARE RIGHT.
YOU MENTION THE EYE TURNING AWAY FROM THE BALL.
EVEN IN THE LAST FEW DAYS, A LOT OF THE NEWS ATTENTION HAS DRIFTED AWAY.
THE POLITICAL ATTENTION DRIFT AWAY BACK TO THE ISSUE OF COVID BACK HERE IN THE UNITED STATES.
AND THE ISSUES OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND LEGISLATION.
AND ONCE AMERICANS ARE NO LONGER DIRECTLY INVOLVED, YOU KNOW, YOU OFTEN SEE A SITUATION IN WASHINGTON WHERE THEY DON'T PAY MUCH ATTENTION TO OVERSEE SEAS EVENTS AND AFGHANISTAN, 38 MILLION PEOPLE LEFT TO THE TALIBAN MERCY BECOMES LESS AND LESS OF A POLITICAL IMPERATIVE.
AND OF COURSE YOU ARE STILL CHIEF CORRESPONDENT FOR THE 'NEW YORK TIMES,' WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT FOR THE 'NEW YORK TIMES.'
LET ME ASK YOU ABOUT.
THIS HEADING TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF 9/11, THIS AS THE MARKER, I REALLY DON'T EVEN KNOW WHAT TO SAY.
BUT NONETHELESS HANDING BACK THAT COUNTRY TO THE PEOPLE WHO HARBORED THE TERRORISTS WHO ATTACKED THE UNITED STATES.
HAS AMERICA, PETER, HAD ENOUGH IN THESE LAST 20 YEARS OF BEING THE EXCEPTIONAL NATION?
IS 9/11 SO MUCH MORE THAN A DAY, AN VENT AND REALLY AN ERA DEFINING, SHAPE SHIFTING, EMPIRE CHANGING VENT OF 20 YEARS?
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
I THINK IT IS THAT, EXACTLY.
WE WERE BOTH IN AFGHANISTAN AFTER 9/11 TO REPORT ON GROUND FOR THE 'WASHINGTON POST.'
WE SAW UP CLOSE WHAT THE COUNTRY THAT HAD BEEN RULED BY THE TALIBAN WAS LIKE.
IT WASN'T A PRETTY SIGHT.
IT HAD BEEN BRUTALIZED PEOPLE.
AND THE IDEA HERE WE'RE COMING A 20 ANNIVERSARY WITH THEM BACK IN CHARGE.
IT WAS UNIMAGINABLE BACK THEN.
BUT I THINK AMERICA HAS GONE THROUGH A LOT.
REDEFINING AND RE-EXAMINING ITS PLACE IN THE WORLD, RE-EXAMINING HOW IT WANTS TO SHAPE OR NOT SHAPE THE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS.
PRESIDENT BIDEN SAID THIS IS BEGINNING OF NEW ERA, WE'RE BASICALLY NATION BUILDING.
WE'RE OUT OF THE BUSINESS OF USING MILITARY FORCE TO SHAPE OTHER COUNTRIES.
HE WANTS TO BE AN INTERNATIONALIST.
BUT HE'S ALSO TAPPING INTO THAT VERY AMERICAN SENTIMENT OF AMERICA FIRST, THE IDEA THAT WE NEED TO SPEND MORE TIME FOCUSING ON OUR OWN ISSUES AT HOME RATHER THAN THOSE OF OTHER PEOPLE ABROAD AND I THINK THAT IS A VERY BIG CHANGE FROM TWENTY YEARS AGO WHEN AMERICA WAS REACTING TO THIS TERRORIST EVENT AND ASSERTING ITSELF ON THE WORLD STAGE AND LOT OF COST IN THE INTERIM.
EXCEPT, SUSAN, HE ALSO SAID THE WORLD IS CHANGING, WE'RE ENGAGED IN A SERIOUS COMPETITION WITH CHINA, DEALING WITH THE CHALLENGES OF MULTIPLE FRONTS WITH RUSSIA.
HOW MUCH OF AN ISSUE OF FOR AMERICA IN THE WAY THAT PETER HAS LAID OUT AND CERTAINLY PRESIDENT BIDEN SEEMS TO SEE IT GOING FORWARD.
WELL, I THINK YOU ARE RIGHT, THIS IS A MOMENT WHERE BIDEN REALLY SEES BEING MORE FOCUSED AND STRATEGIC, I WOULD SAY, IN FOREIGN POLICY, THE IDEA THAT BECAUSE THERE ARE SO MUCH MORE SIGNIFICANT, GREAT POWER THRUSTS IN THE UNITED STATES NOW THAN 20 YEARS AGO, REMEMBER WE WERE ESSENTIALLY COMING OUT OF THE COLD WAR AND OUT OF THE 1990s AS THE LONE SUPER POWER.
CHINA WAS NOWHERE NEAR THE ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE IT IS TODAY AND CHINA'S INVESTED MORE IN ITS MILITARY THAN ANY OTHER POWER.
RUSSIA WAS STILL REASSERTING ITSELF.
YOU FLASH FORWARD TWENTY YEARS AND I THINK PART OF THE IDEA THAT BIDEN HAS TRIED TO MAKE THE CASE FOR THE AFGHAN WITHDRAWAL IS THE IDEA THAT THE U.S. NEEDS TO BE MORE FOCUSED AND MORE STRATEGIC ON OTHER GREAT POWER THREATS.
BUT YOU KNOW THE QUESTION I HAVE, 20 YEARS LATER IS WHAT IS THE STATE OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY?
TWO DECADES AGO WE WERE FOCUSED ON WHAT SEEMED TO BE THE MARCH OF DEMOCRACY AROUND THE WORLD.
AND NEVER CONCEIVING OF THE KIND OF INTERNAL DIVISION AND THREATS TO DEMOCRACY THAT WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT FOR THE LAST FEW YEARS.
AND SO TO ME, THAT IS THE MARKER OF THE MOMENT, ALONG WITH THAT TALIBAN FLAG FLYING OVER THE PRESIDENTIAL PALACE IN KABUL.
REALLY IMPORTANT POINT TO END ON THERE.
SUSAN, PETER, THANK YOU SO MUCH INDEED AND OF COURSE YOUR BOOK COMING OUT IN PAPERBACK NOW.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
> NOW LET'S FAST FORWARD TO 2021.
BEST SELLING AUTHOR KIEFLY KNOWS THE WORLD OF -- LIKE NO OTHER.
ONCE PRESIDENT OF GOOGLE CHINA AND --. AND HE'S OUT WITH A NEW COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES THAT IMAGINES HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WILL SHAPE THE WAY WE LIVE FOR BETTER OR FOR WORSE AND HERE HE IS.
THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
NOW WE HAVE SPOKEN BEFORE ABOUT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A FEW YEARS AGO.
YOU ARE OUT WITH A NEW BOOK NOW WHICH IS KIND OF MIX OF SCI-FI AS WELL AS A PROJECTION INTO THE TECHNOLOGIES THAT MIGHT BE IMPACTING US IN THE NEXT 20 YEARS.
AND WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THIS KIND OF SOCIALLY AND STRUCTURALLY, USUALLY PEOPLE FEAR WHAT THEY DON'T KNOW.
AND ONE OF THE FEARS THAT A LOT PEOPLE HAVE IS THAT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WILL CREATE A MASSIVE SHIFT TO OUR ECONOMY, WHERE IT WILL LEAVE LOTS AND LOTS OF PEOPLE OUT OF JOBS.
YES.
SO ON THE ONE HAND, I THINK BECAUSE AI IS TRYING TO REPLICATE HUMAN INTELLIGENCE, IT WILL OBVIOUSLY TAKE OVER SOME JOBS WHEN IT IS SUCCESSFUL.
AND IT WILL BE SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE AI IS LEARNING ON DATA AND THERE IS MORE AND MORE DATA.
SO AI GETS SMARTER.
SO ON THE ONE SIDE WE DEFINITELY SEE SUBSTANTIAL JOB DISPLACEMENTS FOR BLUE AND WHITE-COLLAR JOBS, ESPECIALLY THOSE THAT ARE ROUTINE.
BUT AT SAME TIME THERE ARE NEW JOBS BEING CREATED.
PEOPLE WHO HAVE TO WRITE AI ALGORITHMS WHO ARE REPAIRING ROBOTS OR COLLECTING DATA AND LABELING DATA AND MANY MORE JOBS WILL BE CREATED.
WE JUST DON'T KNOW WHAT THEY ARE.
SO WE HAVE TWO ENGINE.
ONE JOB DISRUPTION AND ONE OF JOB CREATION.
IT IS HARD TO TELL WHICH ONES WILL GO FASTER.
THE PESSIMISTIC SIDE OF ME WOULD SAY DOESN'T LOOK GOOD BECAUSE THE DISRUPTIONS WILL COME BEFORE THE CREATIONS.
BUT THE OPTIMISTIC PART OF ME WOULD SAY HEY LOOK AT ALL OF THIS IN THE PAST, IT HAS HAPPENED BEFORE.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, THE INVENTION OF AUTOMOBILES AND SO ON.
THEY WERE ALL DESTROYING JOBS AND CREATING JOBS.
AND ULTIMATELY THERE ARE MORE JOBS AND THERE ARE MORE INTERESTING JOBS AT THE END OFT.
SO I CAN'T TELL YOU DEFINITIVELY, BUT THERE WILL BE A LOT OF TURMOIL AND CHANGE.
SO WHAT DO YOU THINK?
BY 2041, WHICH PERCENTAGE OF THE ECONOMY AS WE KNOW TODAY DO YOU THINK WILL BE IMPACTED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
AND MORE IMPORTANT, HOW DO GOVERNMENTS AND SOCIETIES PREPARE FOR THAT?
YOU HAVE WHOLE CHAPTER ON THIS.
AND WHAT KINDS OF THINGS SHOULD WE BE DOING AND THINKING ABOUT?
WELL AI WILL DISRUPT EVERY IMAGINABLE INDUSTRY.
FOR EXAMPLE, WE'VE ALREADY SEEN IN THE INTERNET SPACE BECAUSE OF AI ALL THESE INTERNET COMPANIES CAN MAKE ALL THAT MONEY HELP US BECOME MORE EFFICIENT BUT ALSO SOMETIMES HELP US BECOME BRAINWASHED AND LOSING OUR PRIVACY.
ALL FINANCIAL COMPANIES WILL ALSO BECOME AI DRIVEN.
STOCK TRADING WILL BE DONE BY AI AND IN TRANSPORTATION WILL BE USING AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES ALL THE TIME.
WE DON'T HAVE TO BUY CARS.
OR OWN CARS.
AND GARAGES WILL BE NO LONGER NEEDED OR PARKING LOTS.
IN MANUFACTURING AI WILL PRODUCE EVERYTHING.
AND THAT WILL ESSENTIALLY DROP THE COST OF LABOR TO NEAR ZERO THEREBY MAKES PRODUCTS MORE AVAILABLE MORE CHEAPLY THEREBY POTENTIALLY ERADICATING POVERTY.
SO THIS -- I CAN GO ON FOR HEALTHCARE AND EDUCATION AND EVERY INDUSTRY.
SO HUGE CHANGES.
AND I THINK THE GOVERNMENTS REALLY HAVE TO DO SEVERAL THINGS.
I THINK ONE IS TO REGULATE THE USE OF AI SO THAT IT DOESN'T DO ALL THE BAD THINGS THAT COULD HAPPEN.
BEHIND AI, NOT AI ITSELF.ANS I THINK THE OTHER IS TO MANAGE THE TRANSITION OF JOBS.
JOBS LOST, JOBS GAINED.
HOW TO TRAIN THE PEOPLE AND ALSO DEAL WITH THE WALLET INEQUALITY.
SOME TIE COONS WILL MAKE A LOT OF MONEY WHILE OTHER JOBS WILL BE LOST AND PEOPLE HAVE TO RETHINK THE FUTURE OF EDUCATION.
WE WANT KIDS TO HAVE CREATIVITY AND COMPASSION AND TEAMWORK AND HOW DO YOU TRAIN FOR THAT?
AND FINALLY THE ECONOMY WILL CHANGE BECAUSE IF COST OF GOODS COMES DOWN A LOTS, AND IF PEOPLE CHANGE THE WAY THEY BELIEVE THAT THEIR LIVES REVOLVE AROUND HAVING A GOOD JOB AND MAKING MONEY, BUT MANY JOBS ARE GONE AND PRODUCTS ARE BECOMING CHEAPER, THEN ACCUMULATION OF WEALTH PROBABLY NOT THE ONLY THING THAT MATTERS.
HOW DO WE CHANGE THAT MIND SET, AND WHAT DOES THE GOVERNMENT NEED TO DO WITH THE ECONOMY?
SO THE LIST GOES ON.
THERE ARE MANY HEADACHES BUT I THINK WHEN END OF THE DAY WHEN THIS IS ALL DONE, WE'LL NO LONGER HAVE TO GO ROUTINE JOBS.
AND WE CAN DO WORK THAT WE LOVE RATHER THAN REPETITIVE WORK THAT WE CURRENTLY HATE.
SO IT IS A GOOD OUTCOME.
BUT VERY TOUGH PROCESS TO GETTING THERE.
ONE OF THE INTERESTING CHAPTERS YOU HAD WAS ON EDUCATION.
AND HOW ESSENTIALLY KIDS WITH DIFFERENT LEARNING STYLES COULD HAVE THE EQUIVALENT OF AN AI COMPANION THAT ADAPTS, ALMOST LISTENS AND HELPS THOSE STUDENTS ACHIEVE IN A WAY THAT PERHAPS INDIVIDUAL TEACHERS JUST DO NOT HAVE THE TIME TO FOCUS PER STUDENT.
YEAH THAT IS SOMETHING I ENVISION FOR THE FUTURE.
BECAUSE TODAY'S EDUCATION, THERE JUST ISN'T ENOUGH TUITION TO AFFORD ONE TEACHER PER STUDENT ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS.
YET WE KNOW EVERYONE IS DIFFERENT.
THEY ARE SLOW -- EACH CHILD IS SLOW IN LEARNING SOMETHING AND AN AI COMPANION OR TEACHER CAN FIND THAT AND BUILD A STRONGER FOUNDATION.
EACH CHILD IS EXCITED BY SOMETHING.
PERHAPS BASKETBALL.
PERHAPS SUPER HERO, AND THAT COULD BE INTEGRATED WITH THE CURRICULUM TO MAKE LEARNING MORE FUN.
AND ALSO EACH CHILD MAY HAVE SOME INNER CAPABILITY THAT NEEDS TO BE DISTILLED.
AND OF COURSE A HUMAN CAN DO THAT.
BUT THERE ISN'T ENOUGH TIME.
SO I BELIEVE IN THE FUTURE A LOT OF THE OPTIMIZING WILL BE DONE BY AI.
AI CAN TEACH A COURSE, GIVE AN EXAM, BUILD THE FOUNDATION, MAKE THINGS INTERESTING.
BUT THE HUMAN TEACHER WILL ACTUALLY EVOLVE TO BE MORE OF A MENTOR/COACH TO EACH STUDENT IN TERMS OF HAVING THE RIGHT VALUES AND KNOWING RIGHT AND WRONG, LEARNING CREATIVITY, LEARNING TO WORK WITH THE OTHER PEOPLE AND LEARNING TO BE A GOOD CONTRIBUTING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY AND TEAM.
SO BY TAKING THE ROUTINE AND INDIVIDUALIZING, OPTIMIZING PART OF TEACHERS' WORK TODAY, I THINK WE MAKE EVERYTHING BETTER FOR BOTH THE TEACHERS AND THE STUDENTS.
THE TEACHER'S WORK IS MORE INTERESTING.
THE STUDENT LEARNS WHAT HE OR SHE NEEDS FROM THE AI AND FROM THE STUDENT SIMULTANEOUSLY.
RIGHT NOW THERE IS A LOT OF TALK ABOUT WHEN, FOR EXAMPLE, AUTONOMOUS DRIVING WILL HIT THE STREETS.
AND AT THE CORE OF THAT, BESIDES THE TECHNOLOGY BEING REFINED ENOUGH, THERE IS ALSO THIS ETHYL DILEMMA THAT PEOPLE WONDER ABOUT.
WE CALL IT THE TROLLEY PROBLEM.
HOW DO WE PROGRAM ETHICAL DECISIONS INTO MACHINE THAT IS DRIVING ITSELF?
SHOULD I SWERVE TO AVOID THIS ONE PERSON?
AND IF THE COST IS THAT I HIT THESE OTHER TWO PEOPLE?
DECISIONS?AKING THOSE KIND OF AI IS ONLY AS GOOD AS THE HOW HUMANS THAT PROGRAM IT.
RIGHT.
THOSE SPECIFIC DECISIONS ABOUT PRIORITY OF, YOU KNOW, TWO CHILDREN LIVES VERSUS TWO ADULT LIVES, THAT'S I THINK BEYOND CAPABILITY OF THE PROGRAMMER.
THE PROGRAMMER WOULD SET SOME GOALS.
AND THEN THE AI WOULD LOOK AT ALL THE DATA AND FIGURE OUT FOR ITSELF HOW TO ACHIEVE THOSE GOALS.
SO THOSE GOALS COULD BE GETTING FROM PLACE A TO PLACE B AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.
AND WITHOUT HURTING ANYBODY IN THE PROCESS.
AND THEN AI WOULD BASE ON DATA TO DO A BETTER AND BETTER JOB OVER TIME.
AND THIS IS A PRODUCT YOU HAVE TO LAUNCH.
AND THEN IT GETS BETTER OVER TIME.
SO THE STORY IN THE BOOK TALKS ABOUT WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF LAUNCHING.
WHAT IS GOOD ENOUGH TO LAUNCH?
IT SEEMS LIKE YOU HAVE TO BE BETTER THAN HUMANS.
BUT STILL MISTAKES WILL BE MADE.
THEN WHAT HAPPENS?
AND THERE ARE DIFFERENT MISTAKES THAN HUMANS WOULD MAKE.
BUT THE GOOD THING IS IT WILL IMPROVE OVER TIME.
WE'RE SEEING THIS TODAY, WHEN TESLA LAUNCHED THE SUMMONING FEATURE.
PEOPLE MADE A JOKE AND SAID HORRIBLE IN THE FIRST FEW WEEKS.
THEN THEY COLLECTED ALL THE DATA AND THE FEATURE WORKED GREAT.
SO THAT IS THE SAME THING THAT WILL HAPPEN.
QUESTION IS DO WE AS THE HUMAN RACE HAVE THE COURAGE OR THE AUDACITY TO ACCEPT THAT THERE IS AN INTERMEDIATE PROCESS TOWARDS A FUTURE WHERE PERHAPS 90% OF ALL THE FATALITIES CAN BE CUT DOWN?
BUT THERE IS A PRICE THE PAY ALONG THE WAY.
SO THAT IS A MORAL QUESTION WE HUMAN RACE HAVE TO ANSWER.
WE HAVE CAPACITY TO AUTOMATE DEFENSE SYSTEMS.
WOULD WE EVER ALLOW AN AI TO DETERMINE WHO IS SAN ENEMY AND WIPE THEM OUT?
YEAH, ALL TECHNOLOGIES ARE A DOUBLE EDGED SWORD.
THINK ABOUT DRONES THAT CAN AUTOMATICALLY SHOOT TO KILL.
IT IS -- THERE ARE SOME POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES,S IN SENSE THAT IF ALL WARS WERE FOUGHT BY AUTONOMOUS WEAPONS, THEN PEOPLE, SOLDIERS DON'T DIE AS MUCH.
AND AUTONOMOUS WEAPONS MAY BE MORE ACCURATE.
IS THERE WOULD BE LESS COLLATERAL DAMAGE.
HOWEVER THIS IS AN OVERWHELMING NEGATIVE, WHICH IS BUILDING A DRONE THAT CAN RECOGNIZE SOMEONE AND KILL THAT PERSON CAN BE DONE FOR A THOUSAND DOLLARS TODAY.
AND THAT LOWERS BARRIER OF ASSASSINATION ONE AT A TIME OR GENOCIDE, A HUNDRED THOUSAND AT A TIME BY TERRORISTS AND NON-STATE ACTORS.
FURTHERMORE, THEY ARE VERY LIKELY NOT TO GET CAUGHT BECAUSE IT IS JUST A DRONE OR ROBOT WHO IS GOING -- HOW CAN YOU TELL WHO IS BEHIND IT?
SO I THINK THERE REALLY NEEDS TO BE EFFORT.
THIS IS PROBABLY ONE EXCEPTION IN THE BOOK WHERE I GENERALLY FEEL TECHNOLOGIES WILL TEND TO GO TO POSITIVE DIRECTION, EVEN IF THERE ARE CONCERNS.
AUTONOMOUS WEAPON ONE WHERE I FEEL REGULATION NEEDED TODAY.
AND PEOPLE REALLY NEED TO PUT THEIR MINDS TO THIS PROBLEM.
BECAUSE IT IS WEAPONS, IT IS LIVES, IT IS DIRECTLY TAKING LIVES AND IT IS PUTTING A POWERFUL WEAPON IN THE HANDS OF POTENTIALLY MALICIOUS OR EVIL PEOPLE.
SO I WONDER RIGHT NOW THERE IS NOT OR AT LEAST THERE DOESN'T SEEM TO BE ANY KIND OF GLOBAL AGREEMENT ON WHAT THE RULES OF THE ROAD OF AI SHOULD BE.
WHAT KIND OF ETHICAL STANDARDS, YOU KNOW, EVERY RESEARCHER SHOULD BE TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION BEFORE THEY PUBLISH SOMETHING, WHETHER THIS CAN BE USED AGAINST YOU OR AGAINST -- BETWEEN NOW AND 2041, THAT INFRASTRUCTURE SEEMS MORE AND MORE NECESSARY.
YEAH.
THERE ARE SO MANY PROBLEMS.
HOW DO WE STORE PERSONAL DATA?
AND WHO GETS THE RIGHT TO USE IT?
WHAT IS THE CONSEQUENCE FOR VIOLATION?
AND ALSO DEEP FIX.
WHAT IF A VIDEO IS DISTRIBUTED THAT SAYS YOU COMMIT AD CRIME THAT YOU DIDN'T COMMIT BUT NO HUMAN OR AI CAN TELL IT IS REAL OR NOT?
SO ALL THOSE THINGS I THINK NEED TO BE PUT IN PLACE.
AND ALSO FAIRNESS.
HOW DO WE DETECT AN AI THAT MIGHT DISCRIMINATE AGAINST PEOPLE OR DO THINGS UNFAIRLY?
AND ALSO, HOW DO YOU HACK INTO AN AI SYSTEM?
WHAT IF YOU FOOL AN AI AND FOOL THE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE INTO THINKING A STOP SIGN IS NOT A STOP SIGN AND THEREBY HAVING SOMEONE KILLED THOUGH IT LOOKS LIKE AN ACCIDENT.
SO THE LIST GOES ON.
YEAH.
THE PANDEMIC IS PART OF THE STORYLINES YOU HAVE COMING 20 YEARS FROM NOW.
I WONDER WHAT THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC NOW IS TODAY ON THE WORKPLACE.
WHAT HAS AI SHOWN THAT IT CAN DO PRETTY WELL?
WHERE HAS IT FALLEN SHORT.
WELL ACTUALLY AI HAS DONE A GREAT JOB IN ADVANCING THE COMBINATION OF AI AND HEALTHCARE.
MY DAY JOB IS AN INVESTOR.
AND WE'VE INVESTED IN THE COMPANY THAT USES AI TO FIND DRUGS FOR RARE DISEASES.
AND IT IS ABLE TO DO THAT MUCH FASTER THAN HUMANS.
SO THAT HAS THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF POTENTIALLY MAKING RARE DISEASES TREATABLE.
BECAUSE THEY WERE NOT ECONOMICAL ENOUGH FOR LARGE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES TO GO AFTER THIS BECAUSE OF COST INVENT DRUG TO FIX THE PROBLEM, BUT NOW AI CAN REDUCE THE COST.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS THE AUTOMATION OF THE LABORATORY.
PEOPLE MIGHT ASSUME FACTORIES ARE EASIER TO AUTOMATE.
ASSEMBLY LINE WORKERS EASIER TO REPLACE.
BUT ACTUALLY MANY JOBS IN THE FACTORY REQUIRE HIGH DEGREE OF DEXTERITY THAT IS VERY HARD TO REPLACE BUT LAB TECHNICIANS OR THE PEOPLE WHO CURRENTLY MANUALLY DO THE COVID TESTS, THOSE JOBS THEY DO, THINK ABOUT ARE RELATIVELY ROUTINE AND REPETITIVE.
AND ONCE YOU COVER COVID.
WE INVEST IN A COMPANY THAT MAKES ONE GIANT REBOUND THAT CAN DO A 120,000 COVID TESTS PER DAY AND THAT REBOUND WITH SOME MODIFICATIONS CAN WORK ON CRISPER GROWING ORGANOIDS AND CAN WORK IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND DO DRUG DISCOVERY.
SO ESSENTIALLY LAB TECHNICIANS ARE REPLACE WITH ROBOTS MAKING IT MUCH FASTER TO INVENT NEW EXPERIMENTS. TREATMENTS AND SO THERE ARE MANY TECHNOLOGIES LIKE THAT THAT ARE BECOMING FASTER, ROBOTS FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING, USE OF ROBOTICS, WE SEE THAT A LOT.
AND OF COURSE ALSO PEOPLE WORKING FROM HOME AND THIS IS MORE IN THE U.S. THAN PERHAPS IN CHINA MAKES THE WORKLOAD DIGITIZED.
AND AI CAN BE APPLIED TO EITHER REPLACE OR ENHANCE PARTS OF THOSE WORKLOADS.
AND I WOULD PREDICT THAT IS PROBABLY WHAT WE'LL SEE IN THE COMING YEARS.
DO YOU THINK THAT WE ARE GOING TO RECOGNIZE BECAUSE OF THIS PANDEMIC AND THIS DISRUPTION THAT HUMANS SHOULD BE PROVIDING A DIFFERENT TYPE OF VALUE, DON'T COMPETE WITH THE COMPUTER, DO SOMETHING COMPLIMENTARY, DO SOMETHING THAT COMPUTER OR THE ROBOT CANNOT DO?
I THINK THAT IS WISE ADVICE.
AND AI IS FUNDAMENTALLY LIMITED IN CERTAIN AREAS.
AND ALSO WHAT AI IS GOOD AT IS WANT TO DO ANYWAY.HAT WE DON'T ROUTINE WORK.
REPETITIVE WORK.
WHETHER IT IS BLUE COLLAR OR WHITE COLOR, THOSE ARE NOT THE MOST REWARDING.
THEY ARE NOT REALLY DELIVERING SELF ACTUALIZATION TO MANY PEOPLE.
SO IF WE CAN BE ELEVATED FROM THAT AND OPEN UP A WHOLE WIDE SPECTRUM THAT YOU -- IF YOU ARE A CREATIVE, THEN GO AFTER IT.
BECAUSE THE SOCIETY HAS THE WEALTH FOR PEOPLE TO EXPLORE THEIR DREAMS.
AND IF YOU ARE SOMEONE WHO'S VERY WARM, THEN YOU SHOULD SPREAD YOUR WARMTH.
WHETHER IT IS IN AN ELDERLY HOME OR FOSTER HOME.
SO I THINK PEOPLE CAN REALLY DO WHAT THEY ARE PASSIONATE ABOUT AND FIND THINGS THAT THEY CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SOCIETY EVEN THOUGH THE CONTRIBUTION MAY NOT BE MEASURABLE IN MONEY BUT IT MIGHT BE MEASURABLE IN SOME OTHER WAY SUCH AS MAKING THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE.
THE BOOK IS CALLED AI, TEN VISIONS FOR THE FUTURE 2041.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.
THANK YOU.
THE STORY OF LITTLE AMAL.
THE 12-FOOT TALL PUPPET OF A SYRIAN REFUGEE GIRL MANEUVERED BY AN ARMY OF VOLUNTEERS AND WALKING 5,000 MILES FROM TURKEY TO L.A. EVENTUALLY.
THE PROJECT A WAY TO REMIND PEOPLE OF THE FLIGHT OF REFUGEES AROUND THE WORLD.
STANDING AT A RECORD 26 MILLION NOW.
ALL THE MORE POIGNANT WITH THOUSANDS OF AFGHANS FLEEING THE TALIBAN NOW.
SHE'S MAINLY RECEIVED A WARM WELCOME AND HER NAME MEANS HOPE BUT IN ONE BRIEF TOWN SHE DID HAVE STONES THROWN AT HER.
ANOTHER TRIED TO BAN HER GIVEN YEARS OF BRINGING MORE REFUGEES TO A COUNTRY THAT ALREADY TOOK THOUSANDS IN.WALKING INTO ITALYF SOLIDARITY ON THE WORLD'S REFUGEES.
THAT'S IT FOR NOW.
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JOIN US AGAIN TOMORROW NIGHT.